tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50237651939794814632024-03-17T20:01:16.315-07:00Aphid Alert 2023 - Monitoring PVY Vectors in Minnesota and North DakotaAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00188702426590327954noreply@blogger.comBlogger148125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-60814232372509805202023-09-22T15:44:00.002-07:002023-09-22T15:44:13.633-07:00<p> </p><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 22px;">Trap Catches to Sep 08 - Sep 15, 2023</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 22px;">.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The trapping season is officially over. This year's aphid vector populations rose steadily and then had the typical seasonal collapse in early September. A complete Seasonal breakdown will be published next week. </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">We hope harvest goes well for everyone! </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Y</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">ou keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/15/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKVlR2AbS48MaAMCVFCjOoLPmyeESP12Cboz8IFetLFgYev7N3jNKEK5fyN5NeBvciqEydLh0mHfH_Dx0zvQGGDwj2-edUyQ1Ny-zDJE6dEqTNcqGQb8Ni8gFv5Sn25_lS4xS_oLd49RAb-H0mSVKWfE2MghYrtut06U8qBwAJ-MB08f_-CovpKLBfzo/s1040/cmltv%20map%209_15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="643" data-original-width="1040" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKVlR2AbS48MaAMCVFCjOoLPmyeESP12Cboz8IFetLFgYev7N3jNKEK5fyN5NeBvciqEydLh0mHfH_Dx0zvQGGDwj2-edUyQ1Ny-zDJE6dEqTNcqGQb8Ni8gFv5Sn25_lS4xS_oLd49RAb-H0mSVKWfE2MghYrtut06U8qBwAJ-MB08f_-CovpKLBfzo/w640-h396/cmltv%20map%209_15.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/09/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQX4_XNvvYM4u3iu7203pd22zSWvYsjhZYZgtOy2TgMRSEAPPTM53gBOctB-1OGEoATab8yxN4AQcZsU5_DRJi07VfBjyZUicx2Vdub-XjghBgFbRY10Pn9yx8XG9k2IhuNS0a2EPy1eAc-r0WJoUu-09Aim9c84UATGzlwLJo7wIT3IwnhoxPdN0Gsn8/s1037/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="1037" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQX4_XNvvYM4u3iu7203pd22zSWvYsjhZYZgtOy2TgMRSEAPPTM53gBOctB-1OGEoATab8yxN4AQcZsU5_DRJi07VfBjyZUicx2Vdub-XjghBgFbRY10Pn9yx8XG9k2IhuNS0a2EPy1eAc-r0WJoUu-09Aim9c84UATGzlwLJo7wIT3IwnhoxPdN0Gsn8/w640-h420/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 9/08/2023</span></b></div></span></b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr0YNjxl_KlFY9zOA77LPhBa7fpw7JqmehE-1OjybkIBvWDw7jW8yYIOVrya2BIFf9CxXGBLSJd8qDPnTVEq_05lW_bOGQk8epHNP1akbVtn-2NlfLEXSPILyPZpX5kdgP2V-JDnlFIbM_SaMdHYIaOAO-9-1uSoLDurocGpX0oUM6QavpJIwWZI7VzVE/s1553/Catch%209_15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="1553" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr0YNjxl_KlFY9zOA77LPhBa7fpw7JqmehE-1OjybkIBvWDw7jW8yYIOVrya2BIFf9CxXGBLSJd8qDPnTVEq_05lW_bOGQk8epHNP1akbVtn-2NlfLEXSPILyPZpX5kdgP2V-JDnlFIbM_SaMdHYIaOAO-9-1uSoLDurocGpX0oUM6QavpJIwWZI7VzVE/w640-h188/Catch%209_15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 9/08/2023</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuqMriNrOf6iEvmKMpsM22pSJoOcQI2w23W43WHhbQpyHBkkJxAWia2yD7TV1leOYdCEWEY85V1DJ4e0Tk8pFDpkt6epfWygqTxthElkdLzOsa5nOkm_r8gEnWJupAahbHL6t8hk_0LeeedMl2Tm4ujGZdzTSNUTcWzPkOOVgw8Y-CBI5cKIORh6mxEwk/s1507/cmltv%209_15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="1507" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuqMriNrOf6iEvmKMpsM22pSJoOcQI2w23W43WHhbQpyHBkkJxAWia2yD7TV1leOYdCEWEY85V1DJ4e0Tk8pFDpkt6epfWygqTxthElkdLzOsa5nOkm_r8gEnWJupAahbHL6t8hk_0LeeedMl2Tm4ujGZdzTSNUTcWzPkOOVgw8Y-CBI5cKIORh6mxEwk/w640-h198/cmltv%209_15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-24297339987183186642023-09-08T16:22:00.003-07:002023-09-22T15:32:49.038-07:00<p> </p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 22px;">Trap Catches to Sep 01 - Sep 08, 2023</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 22px;">.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With only 6 trap locations returning this week, the average aphid capture per trap is approximately half that of last week. Far fewer vectors and non-vector species were recovered. Many locations have harvested and shut down traps. Once there's nothing in the field, the field becomes much less attractive to aphids, consequently aphid capture plummets and it makes no sense to continue trapping efforts.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Overall, very few aphids were captured. It's notable that we still were recovering green peach aphid from one location and soybean aphids don't seem to have completed their move back to buckthorn for the winter. Otherwise, no species was particularly numerous. Next week will likely be the last capture date and will represent only several trap locations..</span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Y</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">ou keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span>:</span></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/08/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjyou9dJydPNEvEtMg0CiAESLH7hncGvPLP1GeF47e826DnZLJI3-Yrl0sEbo8cOxkKREsDTAPnR4fVcmhPubXWQpfcSAoLv_bAgPCpMH1rzPvVIk1TvAdHZSCW9tnJWvj4AiMXzHyEzyaAOebh30BsBnvFizCBoaOUEFRxYM1sgeau96r92ye9EEILZI/s977/cmltv%20map%209_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="977" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjyou9dJydPNEvEtMg0CiAESLH7hncGvPLP1GeF47e826DnZLJI3-Yrl0sEbo8cOxkKREsDTAPnR4fVcmhPubXWQpfcSAoLv_bAgPCpMH1rzPvVIk1TvAdHZSCW9tnJWvj4AiMXzHyEzyaAOebh30BsBnvFizCBoaOUEFRxYM1sgeau96r92ye9EEILZI/w640-h438/cmltv%20map%209_08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/09/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP6y_E8qAsotaKMVMvQ9cVOudjb9uS_7K_sBunD5XYeVbN-hbDq1uBIJ6eVM4JcYgW5WzzoOaPLHg27NHkPHVbiU25cjBlOMf2HIfVw6ATEEHsAN5r6wwDhMjljjV4vPzrwFtqt-JkwtD5075ZFHG5uNH3QPaKjLuJro6m2hO40HkH15o_aZvAHJ4UOnE/s1037/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="1037" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP6y_E8qAsotaKMVMvQ9cVOudjb9uS_7K_sBunD5XYeVbN-hbDq1uBIJ6eVM4JcYgW5WzzoOaPLHg27NHkPHVbiU25cjBlOMf2HIfVw6ATEEHsAN5r6wwDhMjljjV4vPzrwFtqt-JkwtD5075ZFHG5uNH3QPaKjLuJro6m2hO40HkH15o_aZvAHJ4UOnE/w640-h420/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 9/08/2023</span></b></div></span></b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZec4g9z4zS2vpR_sMaNm9GzqVnrU27bPcTvj-J-811rCQ2L8O9zmBc0IOEsd0BJ7oHIuyJjK8Zbgn-E9MG776tzS0oM5rw6ukyjf3f-lfNvJbCmS6fBbXcQ14_KjewDU3K_S_KvQQnclxa4-hzPrUqKVegKPma_klGgaR3_esbaxY_S9lEO4_Wx2c6IQ/s1549/Catch%209_08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="1549" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZec4g9z4zS2vpR_sMaNm9GzqVnrU27bPcTvj-J-811rCQ2L8O9zmBc0IOEsd0BJ7oHIuyJjK8Zbgn-E9MG776tzS0oM5rw6ukyjf3f-lfNvJbCmS6fBbXcQ14_KjewDU3K_S_KvQQnclxa4-hzPrUqKVegKPma_klGgaR3_esbaxY_S9lEO4_Wx2c6IQ/w640-h186/Catch%209_08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 9/08/2023</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFCleMxJ9eEWd8A8nL54hYyW7lySvL3aFaOaEOjAdcHHOxG59Bi1h_2aE1EVJ-bi8lsHtMk8LHdsAcm0ai7Vqwszmt5fCyNEuVnVOnpbhy-Ikh0s1MLdfZ20FZ6eYCmwLNOSoNtYQcCOf-uk1Z953bNnvkdM5wwc9Zotz7fqz7a69otVTDf8A-pd2SiFU/s1494/cmltv%209_08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="1494" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFCleMxJ9eEWd8A8nL54hYyW7lySvL3aFaOaEOjAdcHHOxG59Bi1h_2aE1EVJ-bi8lsHtMk8LHdsAcm0ai7Vqwszmt5fCyNEuVnVOnpbhy-Ikh0s1MLdfZ20FZ6eYCmwLNOSoNtYQcCOf-uk1Z953bNnvkdM5wwc9Zotz7fqz7a69otVTDf8A-pd2SiFU/w640-h198/cmltv%209_08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-14434790779564920912023-09-01T16:09:00.000-07:002023-09-01T16:09:23.549-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Trap Catches to Aug 25 - Sep 01, 2023</span>.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another week with much lower aphid numbers. With 7 trap locations reporting, we continue to see a steady decrease in both total number of aphids, total number of vectors and average vector capture per trap decreasing. The season is winding down with several trap locations having now vine killed and shutting down traps. The total number of vectors and the regional PVY Vector Risk Index is almost double that of was at this time last year, so it's been a high vector pressure year.</span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Green peach aphids (GPA) were again recovered in 3 of the 7 sites. English grain aphids are no longer being recovered while soybean aphids, although less numerous are well distributed across the region. Most other vector aphid species have decreased and non-vector species are also down. </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">While this is good news overall, there are still vectors in the region and as long as vines are green, aphids will be attracted to them. Consequently, green plants means the potential for transmission of virus still exists. </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Y</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">ou keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span>:</span></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/01/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguA2Rsjz_cuyq5sILvOiO8HuqP55Fm-5BLHEnlvEl7v_rsjvhRJ3iw996z_-frtzeIVzZc3xRcjvpaZlrbjh6uDzqWPSZwbZZI5LT0C_UCyYNcDUhkG5dGe0viun4U_TXWT5st2EJR1LPBqEyOsGKTxQHSuXisXbPkjFQ0C76l8trwqJSY3m-MH5zDqO4/s1048/cmltv%20map%209_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1048" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguA2Rsjz_cuyq5sILvOiO8HuqP55Fm-5BLHEnlvEl7v_rsjvhRJ3iw996z_-frtzeIVzZc3xRcjvpaZlrbjh6uDzqWPSZwbZZI5LT0C_UCyYNcDUhkG5dGe0viun4U_TXWT5st2EJR1LPBqEyOsGKTxQHSuXisXbPkjFQ0C76l8trwqJSY3m-MH5zDqO4/w640-h408/cmltv%20map%209_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 9/02/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWALkmA2omV-WBhVSvenEWvDOb-YPJhywEfVAnulEzELsfcaomKaMkB4uAgqic3cAauZobeB9AFpp92-UUfsaLuwD6nBzn2GVMjoQPC9oJHzb-RRZXDy9uduB7bPOcArZe-1Te0qyASTPi2h7aAMsswGW5ONwER7F8DiTL0A9s8CZCCYFZZtwHtWI69Q/s1029/cmltv%20map%209_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="1029" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWALkmA2omV-WBhVSvenEWvDOb-YPJhywEfVAnulEzELsfcaomKaMkB4uAgqic3cAauZobeB9AFpp92-UUfsaLuwD6nBzn2GVMjoQPC9oJHzb-RRZXDy9uduB7bPOcArZe-1Te0qyASTPi2h7aAMsswGW5ONwER7F8DiTL0A9s8CZCCYFZZtwHtWI69Q/w640-h426/cmltv%20map%209_02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 9/01/2023</span></b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzk2vWTrIoaamYDsJvtE8Xu2JU9UPtqVjVDfTqci4N0pC7R7Rpd5ogEAdX9StQc33F0IfoYjofAX1kR8OHfArS-HFt7pjTcLOlFs89At6mXo7YwyHAySxjvHbdwlqqYojTk8zHmFS2Bcu5SFmcAk12fiRQHckD2--8d1lHYH62fzheSsqRSBlTvlWtA0/s1549/Catch%209_01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="1549" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzk2vWTrIoaamYDsJvtE8Xu2JU9UPtqVjVDfTqci4N0pC7R7Rpd5ogEAdX9StQc33F0IfoYjofAX1kR8OHfArS-HFt7pjTcLOlFs89At6mXo7YwyHAySxjvHbdwlqqYojTk8zHmFS2Bcu5SFmcAk12fiRQHckD2--8d1lHYH62fzheSsqRSBlTvlWtA0/w640-h188/Catch%209_01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 9/01/2023</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYYG4lGnyliB65ft-mjcekweF1Ch7Ck41UkNnk7coUAnwsRg_lT4GAGrldgItbRUKhgd9kF6RcnAq-sZGqZ4WIalTTon7q1VFEYID-QdM2UVYf_gGPVot1Le9XUfYQ4S1uUEhhCW7mvsDF5m65twfrIhD8WkxAR2x6QHAsWnClQ061VEkPnvWpk-ShmzM/s1502/cmltv%209_01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="1502" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYYG4lGnyliB65ft-mjcekweF1Ch7Ck41UkNnk7coUAnwsRg_lT4GAGrldgItbRUKhgd9kF6RcnAq-sZGqZ4WIalTTon7q1VFEYID-QdM2UVYf_gGPVot1Le9XUfYQ4S1uUEhhCW7mvsDF5m65twfrIhD8WkxAR2x6QHAsWnClQ061VEkPnvWpk-ShmzM/w640-h198/cmltv%209_01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-91827421221983545132023-08-25T15:15:00.001-07:002023-08-25T15:19:43.428-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Trap Catches to Aug 18 - Aug 25, 2023</span>.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With 9 trap locations reporting this week, we've seen a big drop in capture numbers. Not only are total regional captures are down (not surprising as some locations have vine killed), so are the average captures per location. Last week , average vector counts per trap were 55.7, this week an average of only 23.7 vectors were captured per trap. Some important vectors were recovered but the average per trap increase in the PVY Vector Index decreased as well from last week. As we move into September, hopefully aphid vector numbers will continue to decrease. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5aPlP30SNkaqARR8YvB8Ks0ZFLp19Bu41M8nPS8-hoyBYBX-2Uq0goLpYb2-zW81n18tYV74TZ5PSKx674nWfogt_mrrv2N1Sl7HAtiwOUscpYOu262eZfYY73UupAMBWc1GYWEN0ctdO1m5rTHiFlmsY0Vz1wJ7DLbh8PWdV4Kxz_6GkhSzwDGlvUm0/s1715/compare%20to%208_25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1715" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5aPlP30SNkaqARR8YvB8Ks0ZFLp19Bu41M8nPS8-hoyBYBX-2Uq0goLpYb2-zW81n18tYV74TZ5PSKx674nWfogt_mrrv2N1Sl7HAtiwOUscpYOu262eZfYY73UupAMBWc1GYWEN0ctdO1m5rTHiFlmsY0Vz1wJ7DLbh8PWdV4Kxz_6GkhSzwDGlvUm0/w640-h230/compare%20to%208_25.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></div><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Green peach aphids (GPA) were again recovered in several sites this week and average numbers per trap were slightly higher than last week. Average English grain aphid numbers per trap were only 20% of last week. Soybean aphids, while still numerous and widespread were down by 60% per trap. Most other vector aphid species saw either a decrease per trap or stayed roughly the same as last week. Total regional vector capture this week was only 213 compared to last week's 780; this makes the average per trap capture 23.7 vector aphids per trap compared to last week's average of 55.7/trap. </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">While this is good news overall, it should be noted that as long as vines are green, aphids will be attracted to feed on them. Consequently, without vine kill, the potential for transmission of virus still exists. it's still advisable to practice the appropriate precautions. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span>:</span></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/25/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBs_pJwyziyUC10FbCzRSLqMdOd6UHw-yrvDVWiM6N6tlRqAx-98go053sDs_i6YbxNwtE1D3Xa63hQwwX-3CmDsIIKCLmHZbRuOa0aX_c-U-eNUaDjhH4_dKClqToSRAfGI_W17PBU3HzOTNHclZQ1SKgIYKes5zr4ZX8TVJzPzAcoMkeSHJs8C0XrbQ/s1029/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="1029" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBs_pJwyziyUC10FbCzRSLqMdOd6UHw-yrvDVWiM6N6tlRqAx-98go053sDs_i6YbxNwtE1D3Xa63hQwwX-3CmDsIIKCLmHZbRuOa0aX_c-U-eNUaDjhH4_dKClqToSRAfGI_W17PBU3HzOTNHclZQ1SKgIYKes5zr4ZX8TVJzPzAcoMkeSHJs8C0XrbQ/w640-h424/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/25/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkuFy_kDK6qItzXybEVQMXcvqYyrxPh2sxJKgLoWlrHrhbc08YdFksSORZW7FLOW0VsduWvCimB6d1VPvmY9HsSk9Qt5U4EOQaJxQOokWmfV3GYPsvZb6Rtl-Idxh3vuT4vHcx0THEzgPpibXN6B7wnxZainKojOto9WnIKRZZb2B2fryGI4ecmvVF7pw/s961/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="961" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkuFy_kDK6qItzXybEVQMXcvqYyrxPh2sxJKgLoWlrHrhbc08YdFksSORZW7FLOW0VsduWvCimB6d1VPvmY9HsSk9Qt5U4EOQaJxQOokWmfV3GYPsvZb6Rtl-Idxh3vuT4vHcx0THEzgPpibXN6B7wnxZainKojOto9WnIKRZZb2B2fryGI4ecmvVF7pw/w640-h446/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 8/25/2023</span></b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7WvgWa7tfU0fhGdXErvRclN-qI3XCJde_0XEgNdYJvAeBE4Ke4Qpp9M41vF_aEEcgKX1HrdhoX8WdNQcCJZ9IQHVIeeExNyZ0qoO9Jdmp9MeGLGRF_RxyE0CXagVM-Vq7oFslT-1m0VTUqGAWvEW2VVv1a7PkxmiINQ3d-MrfFFsUZi1JYZO-8UMq4Q/s1551/Catch%208_25.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="454" data-original-width="1551" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm7WvgWa7tfU0fhGdXErvRclN-qI3XCJde_0XEgNdYJvAeBE4Ke4Qpp9M41vF_aEEcgKX1HrdhoX8WdNQcCJZ9IQHVIeeExNyZ0qoO9Jdmp9MeGLGRF_RxyE0CXagVM-Vq7oFslT-1m0VTUqGAWvEW2VVv1a7PkxmiINQ3d-MrfFFsUZi1JYZO-8UMq4Q/w640-h188/Catch%208_25.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 8/25/2023</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yiZnq8gbzr-5onP-dLhdiDwzfZyUD8tqSysibCtNK-xrWBHeiFYjOBc6yH8pCNltWqCzkdlC1GnPawtrGiCLn92Mt06mEzurNYo1IDZDybT8LPXs55z6BqYEk0lzhet06NzIeYje09BYZ-ZIbiX4cEeQOsROrPek9vDOw2XK9Gopr7UgaI6aC2cE3JI/s1560/cmltv%208_25.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="1560" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yiZnq8gbzr-5onP-dLhdiDwzfZyUD8tqSysibCtNK-xrWBHeiFYjOBc6yH8pCNltWqCzkdlC1GnPawtrGiCLn92Mt06mEzurNYo1IDZDybT8LPXs55z6BqYEk0lzhet06NzIeYje09BYZ-ZIbiX4cEeQOsROrPek9vDOw2XK9Gopr7UgaI6aC2cE3JI/w640-h190/cmltv%208_25.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-22215390686468550362023-08-18T18:54:00.002-07:002023-08-18T19:10:30.167-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Trap Catches to Aug 11 - Aug 18, 2023</span>.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With 14 trap locations reporting this week, catches were down from last week (780 vector aphids this week, down from 891 last week). However, due to the species captured, the increase in PVY Vector Risk Index was greater than that of last week (115.9 this week compared to 106.7 last week). Much of this was due to greater numbers of green peach aphids being captured this week (23 this week compared to only 4 last week). We are in a high vector risk year, far exceeding that of last year at this point. In 2022, however, most of our vector capture came in the last two weeks of August. Hopefully we won't continue that pattern. Our current pattern of trap catches does fit the pattern of the 2013-2020 average trap capture but is much higher (note the y-axis scale on the 2 graphs below). </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ZAPgX8tCeqVMMVqIfKPFu8tIut1OUctMBPxH09dZqQliBD6Ko6CFLXOPFWbI-bNX0LZLQxTttTh-RnZEFXiJXQ-V2NCDa3fvrs_09kYqVc9yZi7YMDwKXgVMLpmfk648-ZLUFeogXtQS97dUYAUVEofwJ_TNnODLuCD74zejxZXLVGXTFcAfSwkwLAU/s1715/compare%20to%208_18.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1715" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ZAPgX8tCeqVMMVqIfKPFu8tIut1OUctMBPxH09dZqQliBD6Ko6CFLXOPFWbI-bNX0LZLQxTttTh-RnZEFXiJXQ-V2NCDa3fvrs_09kYqVc9yZi7YMDwKXgVMLpmfk648-ZLUFeogXtQS97dUYAUVEofwJ_TNnODLuCD74zejxZXLVGXTFcAfSwkwLAU/w640-h230/compare%20to%208_18.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A total of 780 vector aphids were recovered in traps from August 11-14. These included a rise in green peach aphid, the most efficient vector of PVY. Green peach aphids were recovered from 6 locations, several of which were the same locations this vector was captured last week. Soybean aphid captures were higher than last week, and, as with last week, were collected at all traps locations. English grain aphids were recovered from all but one trap location and numbers were basically the same as last week (1 less...). Potato, thistle, cotton/melon, and buckthorn aphids were all numerous and collected at most locations. Many of these, especially green peach aphids, are very effective vectors of PVY, and their presence in high numbers skewed the PVY Vector Risk Index to be higher than last week's even though 110 more vector aphids were captured last week. </span></p><p style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As mentioned, last year's population mostly came on late in the summer, however, we've already exceeded both the cumulative number of vector aphids captured last summer. Our PVY Vector Risk Index is also higher than last year's total. The 2013-2020 averages do indicate late season increases are possible. Hopefully the weather will cool, especially the night lows, and the populations will start to decrease. But given the current situation, vector management is probably a good idea...</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/18/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-hDQxIE3jdHyjd7aYqSpzhoN2s2njj9inK5LXn0OfFETbw0JU-Y4-6Sa68thZ_LQlGydf8sh6Ke97tPf_Avk19hquGrX2UWJEO8VS2PDE1pFBpVer5K7wVhyO6wUslX1-hpLn8kRuKepFLpQRmN71k3-WruUZeLnkgx1oXE1mTTKd-26M6oCIvgkjzLs/s1012/cmltv%20map%208_18b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="1012" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-hDQxIE3jdHyjd7aYqSpzhoN2s2njj9inK5LXn0OfFETbw0JU-Y4-6Sa68thZ_LQlGydf8sh6Ke97tPf_Avk19hquGrX2UWJEO8VS2PDE1pFBpVer5K7wVhyO6wUslX1-hpLn8kRuKepFLpQRmN71k3-WruUZeLnkgx1oXE1mTTKd-26M6oCIvgkjzLs/w640-h434/cmltv%20map%208_18b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/19/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOF-x8ZSRrdabeCUjNy3gt5ZCLIfmBL2opZc2_ZXKfi_4_huRKDEGWXj9wc-krSvyQ_dEw49TViDdUMJwOXROiz5fOEJDWmE1T_VwK_RGWiXERdSOE-EU2sBkr_oOXX0xGFbRU_yiQZlflrr3QrZc6YcI3wLj8TmhV7bj_jp-34zEY6HtFt3uUWMOnehE/s983/cmltv%20map%208_19.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="983" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOF-x8ZSRrdabeCUjNy3gt5ZCLIfmBL2opZc2_ZXKfi_4_huRKDEGWXj9wc-krSvyQ_dEw49TViDdUMJwOXROiz5fOEJDWmE1T_VwK_RGWiXERdSOE-EU2sBkr_oOXX0xGFbRU_yiQZlflrr3QrZc6YcI3wLj8TmhV7bj_jp-34zEY6HtFt3uUWMOnehE/w640-h440/cmltv%20map%208_19.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 8/18/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFvVx6MW3RZFd60lGMUsCEMXXBlKtRuKoSpRKatwXs8YMtJtXGaDyQcWZCKSJVRfYRkFxIZI6OdCGXd5Gx2bAPVGETHmFL8EG1EhyRla2niorOB8GzL4atv36Vpm2CXc5OI4-PrSFZNhCfnQW5TMTSBPmfZvVbFhGFpwLuyIQrYYs5smAPr5-VqnWx5aM/s1550/Catch%208_18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="454" data-original-width="1550" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFvVx6MW3RZFd60lGMUsCEMXXBlKtRuKoSpRKatwXs8YMtJtXGaDyQcWZCKSJVRfYRkFxIZI6OdCGXd5Gx2bAPVGETHmFL8EG1EhyRla2niorOB8GzL4atv36Vpm2CXc5OI4-PrSFZNhCfnQW5TMTSBPmfZvVbFhGFpwLuyIQrYYs5smAPr5-VqnWx5aM/w640-h188/Catch%208_18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 8/18/2023</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVjSLd0-3Nk36AE7PZGMPTWl_NQJcQFUTdpN2s-3EfHf0T-ExfZLaFjZm4NUAfPNxgZ08poLNNlbnH2a0kNfsf_t1kZ-oVNvcPtRtgl1egIK8Wc8ka1Q6Ukxuum54RWg2KFpgmvP7fp-DkrLrHdEoE3LYX4ScAkMULPtlCST0wo2cTC4jlcIbOmc6UCbo/s1360/cmltv%208_18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="1360" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVjSLd0-3Nk36AE7PZGMPTWl_NQJcQFUTdpN2s-3EfHf0T-ExfZLaFjZm4NUAfPNxgZ08poLNNlbnH2a0kNfsf_t1kZ-oVNvcPtRtgl1egIK8Wc8ka1Q6Ukxuum54RWg2KFpgmvP7fp-DkrLrHdEoE3LYX4ScAkMULPtlCST0wo2cTC4jlcIbOmc6UCbo/w640-h218/cmltv%208_18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-48849411505958149112023-08-11T18:04:00.001-07:002023-08-11T18:12:42.019-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Trap Catches to Aug 04 - Aug 11, 2023</span>.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">And another big week for aphid flights! Only 11 traps were reporting this week. Several have been negatively impacted by last week's weather and may need some maintenance to get back online. However, with 6 fewer traps reporting, our numbers of vector captures this week is only slightly below that of last week's 17 traps. So, while the average number of vectors captured is slightly lower than last week, the average capture per trap increased by about 30% (average trap catch of all aphids last week was approximately 66/trap; this week's trap captures averaged 92 total aphids per trap). All things considered, it looks like aphid flights ramped up this week. A large part of this week's capture were vector species and, accordingly, the PVY Vector Risk Index took a large jump. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPVmlpQUYO1CL55mw-2yZq5xoIZvKe2bD5JiAxOOtjdW74yd_CEFPmxXBa7DUBulk0upvrZomnWqB9BvyloyhzDjyj1KQTzrgdM982HGdYcHIgBEoKACTQObsCuqbofs9fodwlrS6FUG_MKUBk_lauH_c2g2rmnnJLDwCvDwn4bixNOHiT0iMtEz9vTBk/s1715/compare%20to%208_11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1715" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPVmlpQUYO1CL55mw-2yZq5xoIZvKe2bD5JiAxOOtjdW74yd_CEFPmxXBa7DUBulk0upvrZomnWqB9BvyloyhzDjyj1KQTzrgdM982HGdYcHIgBEoKACTQObsCuqbofs9fodwlrS6FUG_MKUBk_lauH_c2g2rmnnJLDwCvDwn4bixNOHiT0iMtEz9vTBk/w640-h230/compare%20to%208_11.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">All traps reporting collected soybean aphids this week, some at very high numbers. Three geographically separated sites sites reported green peach aphids this week, although only single individuals. Very high numbers of English grain aphid were captured again this week, trap locations close to small grain production areas were hit pretty heavy and suffered an increase in PVY risk. Potato aphids were common as were thistle, cotton/melon, and buckthorn aphids. A variety of other vector species were present in lower numbers. The overall aphid flight included a large number of non-vector species. </span></p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This is the second week traps recorded high flight numbers of vector species. This looks very much like the start of a high vector pressure late season. Most of our PVY transmission in MN & ND likely occurs in late season (certainly that is the time of highest vector flight) and higher vector population at that time does increase the potential for disease transmission. Consequently, appropriate measures such as antifeedant insecticides and the use of crop oils should definitely be considered.</span></p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The weather next week may be turning a bit warmer. That may mean more flight activity which will increase probing on plants in the field. Those locations close to traps reporting any of the species that colonize potatoes (esp green peach, potato, foxglove, buckthorn, and black bean aphids) should continue to scout for colonies. Although non-colonizing species can be as, or more important vectors of PVY, scouting may not provide good estimates of their potential presence in fields. However, note their presence in local traps in the network and that will provide some indication.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/11/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRXJpSxwW8FSDHnYB0ur89T4mUgyg5kcx2fndDD3jW2y_MHQWHbd5Lr79Qhjy5JfAddX2vLyegjs74zEO1gal8ECIOw_5Oi2Hh-OaCcw7yuzOJSRANvvl35FM8gBJrtusCQ7u0cpHzExOqvvDf8e2E0dWruo44EwAkOtM8odGyuZUA8RnlRfZNg5lyjNo/s989/cmltv%20map%208_11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="989" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRXJpSxwW8FSDHnYB0ur89T4mUgyg5kcx2fndDD3jW2y_MHQWHbd5Lr79Qhjy5JfAddX2vLyegjs74zEO1gal8ECIOw_5Oi2Hh-OaCcw7yuzOJSRANvvl35FM8gBJrtusCQ7u0cpHzExOqvvDf8e2E0dWruo44EwAkOtM8odGyuZUA8RnlRfZNg5lyjNo/w640-h424/cmltv%20map%208_11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/12/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Wf8hpseMViHRSKoQ699nqcspLj_IZmLu_mWJTgQDgB8c3yiUxPYGTWKqT5BRo_KIJOxrF5Wo_beL6521SZzsMAJjho2Ok7NgZXH2iaNWXhrxugxNG0ZdjWPvsWxAJchRXr9WZRIWH2Wfv3ju7U6XtTfUhqouyIKK_sllFFl7St_HW7qLzIV1MEYJkz4/s980/cmltv%20map%208_12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="980" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_Wf8hpseMViHRSKoQ699nqcspLj_IZmLu_mWJTgQDgB8c3yiUxPYGTWKqT5BRo_KIJOxrF5Wo_beL6521SZzsMAJjho2Ok7NgZXH2iaNWXhrxugxNG0ZdjWPvsWxAJchRXr9WZRIWH2Wfv3ju7U6XtTfUhqouyIKK_sllFFl7St_HW7qLzIV1MEYJkz4/w640-h438/cmltv%20map%208_12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Weekly Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites reporting the week ending 8/11/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDUb67VYpuhNA1gEZanExaCnnq8QzCD4F67HybXRGhx4Utik6IFROuuCv_QXBJptcoxNU2dWViwqvZ-9ObkUKqhD5KPsgpVQnzsUs-bI1C9Ib51ECzJyUsfw4V4igS8ktOoZcxwZOsLSRm2VVdXlQVPSwMv6CselCFy_bAOG86fGw54Ebo3HCGmwwihLs/s1550/Catch%208_11.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="1550" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDUb67VYpuhNA1gEZanExaCnnq8QzCD4F67HybXRGhx4Utik6IFROuuCv_QXBJptcoxNU2dWViwqvZ-9ObkUKqhD5KPsgpVQnzsUs-bI1C9Ib51ECzJyUsfw4V4igS8ktOoZcxwZOsLSRm2VVdXlQVPSwMv6CselCFy_bAOG86fGw54Ebo3HCGmwwihLs/w640-h188/Catch%208_11.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Seasonal Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for all sites to 8/11/2023</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kiWuk79MnFwVFVe1q0p8dQlYV51iXscfY7QXNzN5CB1ss-OANps_laOB6B_A3gaKMLiWlWNqvjDDFxJKiGwyrwzfZ4hsHrg_lCENNV1wD5Gj69rDmNJkFAYJltHTXE_g35GtuJZF7Td-kBCtLXeXyoa9mpcHZ8NKtH8kiIIxo9DPLUHf0-ePKSXyoLk/s1535/cmltv%208_11.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="1535" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kiWuk79MnFwVFVe1q0p8dQlYV51iXscfY7QXNzN5CB1ss-OANps_laOB6B_A3gaKMLiWlWNqvjDDFxJKiGwyrwzfZ4hsHrg_lCENNV1wD5Gj69rDmNJkFAYJltHTXE_g35GtuJZF7Td-kBCtLXeXyoa9mpcHZ8NKtH8kiIIxo9DPLUHf0-ePKSXyoLk/w640-h192/cmltv%208_11.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-36675448184147714452023-08-04T19:44:00.003-07:002023-08-11T14:25:25.927-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 28 - Aug 04, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It was another big week for aphids, and with this week's capture, this may turn into a heavy vector pressure season. With 17 trap sites reporting, we saw regional vector trap captures almost triple over last week. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Not surprisingly, the PVY Risk Index followed suit with many of the vectors captured having relatively high efficiency in transmitting the virus. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As the small grains mature, we're seeing large flights of English grain aphid, the most populous aphid in small grains this year. By the 2013-2020 averages, the capture numbers generally double the first week of August over what was captured the previous week. An while we're close to the average pattern, we're well above the average numbers for the first week of August. Green peach aphids showed up in a number of additional locations and soybean aphids were recovered from all trap locations.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Green peach aphids were recovered from Cando, Lisbon, Crookston, Sabin and Perham. Only Perham and Staples II site did not recover English grain aphids; this species was well into the double digits at several sites (a total of over 504 were captured from all traps together). Soybean aphids tripled over last week, nearing 400 regionally. Both thistle and Cotton/melon aphids were numerous and widespread this week, as were the non-vector aphids species, with traps recovering almost 400. While not contributing to the potential of PVY spread, the number of non-vectors species recovered does indicate just how heavy aphid flights were this week.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12Rsg-JQyc8tRyWwMovxjIYgCF73xcwPUxre8GH-8F6Yqg7WFhxg-EulwzfUm2aT4TCf2yjX5wVxXDnmj46wYXLa2gpv7BUV8qCbA2ccT6dhALny1aS5QhKsZ5kjCUsemS_q0OHGlnofSOwBA5-UJt-uTHz4jmjT4ZfNhlaT6CSR2-mRAD_KFul_0QeE/s1715/comprison%20at%208_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1715" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12Rsg-JQyc8tRyWwMovxjIYgCF73xcwPUxre8GH-8F6Yqg7WFhxg-EulwzfUm2aT4TCf2yjX5wVxXDnmj46wYXLa2gpv7BUV8qCbA2ccT6dhALny1aS5QhKsZ5kjCUsemS_q0OHGlnofSOwBA5-UJt-uTHz4jmjT4ZfNhlaT6CSR2-mRAD_KFul_0QeE/w640-h230/comprison%20at%208_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With the higher numbers, scouting is strongly advised. But remember, non-colonizing aphid species (e.g. soybean aphid) will rarely be found in a field only by scouting. They move through a field, sampling the plants, but not leaving any daughters on potatoes because it's an unsuitable host for them. But they're still moving through the field, potentially moving any virus inoculum in the field. So, it's a good time to start using crop oils if you haven't already, and to be thinking about anti-feeding insecticides as well (see below). </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/04/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj65lP8iE8RxoYi_zkY1umrZeZIEMLnQV1owinIhFgM4X4dIzwqwirM1BgL_bRwmA8RrlXFjZd1ywvUYqdh7lD35lp9Fa_L4qlpdGbJ16jXZkOt3PZUgYQTuWOGubF8CjkR4h7KguoM2fHGq6OzH4BOwl0b_J0SZ3LWZ6p7rik9xUCivMqLJWptnOGPUxg/s820/cmltv%20map%208_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="820" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj65lP8iE8RxoYi_zkY1umrZeZIEMLnQV1owinIhFgM4X4dIzwqwirM1BgL_bRwmA8RrlXFjZd1ywvUYqdh7lD35lp9Fa_L4qlpdGbJ16jXZkOt3PZUgYQTuWOGubF8CjkR4h7KguoM2fHGq6OzH4BOwl0b_J0SZ3LWZ6p7rik9xUCivMqLJWptnOGPUxg/w640-h486/cmltv%20map%208_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/05/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj88h9KZB2D6qJhezGz-ruViE4B4Lgga3_Vwdpyg4H47ieJnNMPXouQUzo0by0YjimPKQjScI83g6WwiCASiQEcIgAWaC9PKMa7w-LszsICOgjhHS_GYzCQX0dh2TpEoir0vUqvxX8EvIWZMwKAJnfj20GFfQ8dxKIMDqPCDV-vHiSSQjvwny-A1s_9T9c/s946/cmltv%20map%208_05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="946" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj88h9KZB2D6qJhezGz-ruViE4B4Lgga3_Vwdpyg4H47ieJnNMPXouQUzo0by0YjimPKQjScI83g6WwiCASiQEcIgAWaC9PKMa7w-LszsICOgjhHS_GYzCQX0dh2TpEoir0vUqvxX8EvIWZMwKAJnfj20GFfQ8dxKIMDqPCDV-vHiSSQjvwny-A1s_9T9c/w640-h466/cmltv%20map%208_05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 8/04/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcMZhdQnW8UvnWACSOk3poo3zwdVXfUx1v026vIKUwlISE2BAjIEjr01ZeHLqOajyzpQo6avRlr2-6fvLG2GSTXov801QxXtj19wZkatJg4ypK3Zjdhb5usMlhpN-MD9tM48K-Nd_jXRz5MV7xOk8fYvCPvKvBqes0d-6wLqFKnBtc94QX_qePAqcL-kw/s1577/Catch%208_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="1577" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcMZhdQnW8UvnWACSOk3poo3zwdVXfUx1v026vIKUwlISE2BAjIEjr01ZeHLqOajyzpQo6avRlr2-6fvLG2GSTXov801QxXtj19wZkatJg4ypK3Zjdhb5usMlhpN-MD9tM48K-Nd_jXRz5MV7xOk8fYvCPvKvBqes0d-6wLqFKnBtc94QX_qePAqcL-kw/w640-h176/Catch%208_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 8/04/2023</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0A53RPAs_dXVOOcZFO954GQdlSbHtl7-ENauct5U4AsmkwS_oSGrVZPD0xuoNpssmK317U1foWPDUBMOOF-8d4-VJtctm5UoLrKugqmSP2RzEqdyveD71CGfo6VqKKG2g-1rwuAKFeoFSJU8nf_EvtgZVzHLQOtuXY_-P5LUphPPec-QRMm8ZzVRoJ7w/s1578/cmltv%208_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="1578" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0A53RPAs_dXVOOcZFO954GQdlSbHtl7-ENauct5U4AsmkwS_oSGrVZPD0xuoNpssmK317U1foWPDUBMOOF-8d4-VJtctm5UoLrKugqmSP2RzEqdyveD71CGfo6VqKKG2g-1rwuAKFeoFSJU8nf_EvtgZVzHLQOtuXY_-P5LUphPPec-QRMm8ZzVRoJ7w/w640-h174/cmltv%208_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-89783729234349239282023-07-28T15:48:00.003-07:002023-07-28T15:48:34.587-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 21-28, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">What a difference a week makes, aphid numbers are way up... Higher temperatures have driven aphid population development and is likely responsible for the increase in aphid flights we recorded for the last trapping period. With 14 traps in MN and ND reporting, we had a total of 550 vector aphids captured in traps. There were also high numbers of non-vector aphids recovered. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">We had the return of a single green peach aphids from Becker, MN. The seasonal late season dispersal flights of soybean aphids has started with a total of 115 aphids from 12 of the 14 traps reporting. English grain aphids, prominent in our small grains this season, are moving from small grains in search of alternate hosts as grain continues to mature; we recovered an overall total of 124 individuals with every site but two (Perham and Staples I) returning varying numbers. The numbers and distribution of potato and thistle aphids were both up and cotton/melon aphids were also numerous and widespread. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJ_8PdCjXumNQiHTcgrqzBOL_XzaCVUZVzajrPkm8sYa-F3eYzKhykQHz_vEcmFp0jkaNyn9njWRVpdFhG7LfAQhjw5kIBUYthKLyeQewf-Iz6i1dUnGF4PZTlVka7nX-FpImrsVExqMXpUKgxBR1if4ZD99JpqWqrOFheWXtnf0jQNLOJct28JhhX28/s1715/compare%20to%207_28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1715" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJ_8PdCjXumNQiHTcgrqzBOL_XzaCVUZVzajrPkm8sYa-F3eYzKhykQHz_vEcmFp0jkaNyn9njWRVpdFhG7LfAQhjw5kIBUYthKLyeQewf-Iz6i1dUnGF4PZTlVka7nX-FpImrsVExqMXpUKgxBR1if4ZD99JpqWqrOFheWXtnf0jQNLOJct28JhhX28/w640-h230/compare%20to%207_28.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Along with the increased numbers, the PVY Vector Risk across the region rose, but wasn't consistent across all trap sites. Compared to this time last year, both 2022 total aphids and vector species captured were about half of 2023 numbers. Overall, this season's aphid captures seems slightly higher than the 2012-2020 average but still has roughly the same pattern of growth. But, remembering last year's rapid late season increase in aphids, it's still too early to say what the rest of the season has in store...</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/28/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iTdF9mhGU5u8aqQ73jWdm7z1DvR_DojpD2d7OTyJmmGoBGhqDPSnXh7WNZ3plet1hxYN0wqrvQXZfu8wYExF50eoU3yykcSn18F9TQ9ycO2z6PTR3ifdD4rF3OV6WJYtrLOpvO4PygOyXR_Zpn5xGOfzHHe-b9Uu-zBn7nJsYH-cKLLLztn-S6rEqa0/s895/cmltv%20map%207_28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="895" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iTdF9mhGU5u8aqQ73jWdm7z1DvR_DojpD2d7OTyJmmGoBGhqDPSnXh7WNZ3plet1hxYN0wqrvQXZfu8wYExF50eoU3yykcSn18F9TQ9ycO2z6PTR3ifdD4rF3OV6WJYtrLOpvO4PygOyXR_Zpn5xGOfzHHe-b9Uu-zBn7nJsYH-cKLLLztn-S6rEqa0/w640-h468/cmltv%20map%207_28.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/29/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ25jb3HX6mWNYCTMtj1IGh07psXS0pd47rujwZrYp2paCBX8qTmBQtcikgKxYlG0h6Bbk6XjxWIRe4-KB22vzY8kQ0DHxc_PKmHurh3TEBqJRJwV-tI6YHZ1-T6mLCSt-qidMRrcvVd8wsicSh0qX82yIX8JjNwozBk6GF4sH2PrLwSnlgom5EjMW3Wg/s953/cmltv%20map%207_29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="953" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ25jb3HX6mWNYCTMtj1IGh07psXS0pd47rujwZrYp2paCBX8qTmBQtcikgKxYlG0h6Bbk6XjxWIRe4-KB22vzY8kQ0DHxc_PKmHurh3TEBqJRJwV-tI6YHZ1-T6mLCSt-qidMRrcvVd8wsicSh0qX82yIX8JjNwozBk6GF4sH2PrLwSnlgom5EjMW3Wg/w640-h464/cmltv%20map%207_29.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 7/28/2023</b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBZ4UlHBf37_wpURKmQ2rJYT3yHz_siSxbHyaCxcwfGZu7i_rAHIkErr248fnbsmwxoXcp07Yc9Lc3I1IUQ7KCCgzSdHybPc4MAv9QnP3slzhqC7-VYXRsfVD3HX8FbCBgRAHbxRakMwGSNx22PoLWoc_iLMYzz2qgKibmR91WLueS-QSCUjgUVGy93n4/s1631/Catch%207_28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 13.2px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="1631" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBZ4UlHBf37_wpURKmQ2rJYT3yHz_siSxbHyaCxcwfGZu7i_rAHIkErr248fnbsmwxoXcp07Yc9Lc3I1IUQ7KCCgzSdHybPc4MAv9QnP3slzhqC7-VYXRsfVD3HX8FbCBgRAHbxRakMwGSNx22PoLWoc_iLMYzz2qgKibmR91WLueS-QSCUjgUVGy93n4/w640-h218/Catch%207_28.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/28/2023</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><br /></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_fxZuLOpEaGs2HpnHhZbzb_8axpOMEmfx-HXMu8TCQgH8NEPVVNPond5igk5yaQ1pCxpcH0NViQKRAZyGlwe-LUI8sHt-SzivGueSSmHzX84keEd7SHXyZ38YvMCAJP51kEuvzVmZt4x6-byfh70m__3htOXmVrwuNjTlyElTiqBS0BGvngkAnNBpmY/s1554/cmltv%207_28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="1554" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_fxZuLOpEaGs2HpnHhZbzb_8axpOMEmfx-HXMu8TCQgH8NEPVVNPond5igk5yaQ1pCxpcH0NViQKRAZyGlwe-LUI8sHt-SzivGueSSmHzX84keEd7SHXyZ38YvMCAJP51kEuvzVmZt4x6-byfh70m__3htOXmVrwuNjTlyElTiqBS0BGvngkAnNBpmY/w640-h192/cmltv%207_28.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-13205063073138579442023-07-21T17:54:00.001-07:002023-07-21T17:54:46.952-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 14-21, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With 14 traps reporting, we've seen a jump in aphid number this week. A total of 81 PVY vectoring aphids were recovered. Leading the vector species were English grain aphids and soybean aphids. Much of the small grains are starting to mature with an associated decrease in food quality (from the aphids' point of view) and we can expect to see increasing numbers of grain aphids being capture in the traps. Soybean aphids seem to also be on the move.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQt0dpxXqdY50ZO2TN1vFY0Er9A0Mn6pFDX4k_IBFgZ0kv38CF1qProTm8RS5lyJYx406m9pSRfm0VNRUYi6sl3aveciwd-R8_3pFLj2geDVPEuZ90-Q3ervhXtrUY3wHs8sO4Cng7ienXOY4kHx6DaHci5r9DwOcRk71n9rCK5sFKGcaDK6DhhYJdUHU/s993/Regional%20Vector%20Capture%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="607" data-original-width="993" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQt0dpxXqdY50ZO2TN1vFY0Er9A0Mn6pFDX4k_IBFgZ0kv38CF1qProTm8RS5lyJYx406m9pSRfm0VNRUYi6sl3aveciwd-R8_3pFLj2geDVPEuZ90-Q3ervhXtrUY3wHs8sO4Cng7ienXOY4kHx6DaHci5r9DwOcRk71n9rCK5sFKGcaDK6DhhYJdUHU/w400-h245/Regional%20Vector%20Capture%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Our populations are similar to last year at this time and very close to the 2013-2020 average. In most years, our aphid populations tend to rapidly increase through August. During the growing season, aphids are all female and give birth to live daughters. Colonies of aphids you find on plants are generally non-winged; they feed, have daughters and grow the colonies. Crowded or a decrease in the food quality of their host plants triggers the development of winged forms that disperse to establish new colonies. As average daily temperatures increase, aphid populations will tend to reproduce more rapidly, leading to increasingly dense aphid populations on host plants. Consequently, the maturing hosts colonies feed upon through July and the associated higher temperatures drive the development of aphid colonies. As the population gets larger, they not only get more crowded but feed more on their host. The result is the creation of winged forms in multiple species during August.</span><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0 0 0 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Consequently, we may continue to see increases through the coming weeks. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, you keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/21/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVqM1mJKGMT0FgD5oTB9mmZRuYfpFg6NHAm_4uXVZ8OflYW9IF7ZlyPbZgi3brhTq6TBm-g8FmyLr4uCxt8Hf_qmwnFfYDaOo6z0_izp9mXVtEd4MQc04oJP7WBzDtGNoiyq_uCOZicHbiVg62MsZVmICJ-oXbPEOt2amrO4bHlpLVPYc4IVcT8Tjs3Ac/s960/cmltv%20map%207_21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="960" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVqM1mJKGMT0FgD5oTB9mmZRuYfpFg6NHAm_4uXVZ8OflYW9IF7ZlyPbZgi3brhTq6TBm-g8FmyLr4uCxt8Hf_qmwnFfYDaOo6z0_izp9mXVtEd4MQc04oJP7WBzDtGNoiyq_uCOZicHbiVg62MsZVmICJ-oXbPEOt2amrO4bHlpLVPYc4IVcT8Tjs3Ac/w640-h440/cmltv%20map%207_21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/22/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJgN3vbXgqOrKwOv_AH3rETpXTNCLzxq19eU-iAbd39zIKX9P_MzuivQGhtlGtLenhHcSMs0n7RvXwZ7DpUjVOpouU6NkiwWxkXDgEagkcsCGDvhrThBt3O9RLP_WpPQRblliQ0p_qLD0vU2-ud2otAbQf1bcEsF0Hamx1Wwie7CVf1aSmC7wNxYsEUs/s924/cmltv%20map%207_22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="924" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJgN3vbXgqOrKwOv_AH3rETpXTNCLzxq19eU-iAbd39zIKX9P_MzuivQGhtlGtLenhHcSMs0n7RvXwZ7DpUjVOpouU6NkiwWxkXDgEagkcsCGDvhrThBt3O9RLP_WpPQRblliQ0p_qLD0vU2-ud2otAbQf1bcEsF0Hamx1Wwie7CVf1aSmC7wNxYsEUs/w640-h476/cmltv%20map%207_22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 7/21/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmQFkYhatcLKwg5Lde7p84PXEC90yknjOpHnF4GAzs5_9AZzFTMd6F1ikTgOH6KZmZcnK6IcRO4XOph01MyNxOuSiwZGUJTGZ0kwjunag_WHmVJUj8qpAfHlKcr85zcLDbiP09STQo0JD0aCtdqEG3P_-SYQJnOuPO8aAatQiRG6AymD3mQjBgLne0DTU/s1633/Catch%207_21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="1633" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmQFkYhatcLKwg5Lde7p84PXEC90yknjOpHnF4GAzs5_9AZzFTMd6F1ikTgOH6KZmZcnK6IcRO4XOph01MyNxOuSiwZGUJTGZ0kwjunag_WHmVJUj8qpAfHlKcr85zcLDbiP09STQo0JD0aCtdqEG3P_-SYQJnOuPO8aAatQiRG6AymD3mQjBgLne0DTU/w640-h188/Catch%207_21.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/21/2023</b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYQdzyWfBwxyV-O-I2CGyfcuaY76PNMP-hCXhCjie8qEn3ogNeOGuOjr21a8wqzTwmi_4cb6ojp-oC7mgz-zwufNB0PP-CwhDy7X3CJkgSQ9CnbzfOq88uuzxvs2KO1k0mJdFSROHNJd87hnBHa7_Ds4EPV5p3-xzPcFEZnBfOSXZR0SnrHElh7ZVuR6s/s1536/cmltv%207_21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="1536" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYQdzyWfBwxyV-O-I2CGyfcuaY76PNMP-hCXhCjie8qEn3ogNeOGuOjr21a8wqzTwmi_4cb6ojp-oC7mgz-zwufNB0PP-CwhDy7X3CJkgSQ9CnbzfOq88uuzxvs2KO1k0mJdFSROHNJd87hnBHa7_Ds4EPV5p3-xzPcFEZnBfOSXZR0SnrHElh7ZVuR6s/w640-h196/cmltv%207_21.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div><br /></div></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-13618640820138498332023-07-14T14:47:00.001-07:002023-07-14T15:01:28.832-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 7-14, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With ten traps reporting in, aphid captures remain very low; only 12 vector aphids were captured. We are starting to see the beginning of grain aphid flights. The first soybean aphid was also recovered this week; not surprising given local populations lead us to we believe soybean aphids successfully overwintered in northern Minnesota and North Dakota this year.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The species of vectors that were captured this past week were generally less effective vectors and so the PVY Vector Risk Index remains low. At this point last year capture numbers at several sites were higher and their and PVY Vector Risk values were almost twice what they are now (see below).</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Warmer weather is predicted for the upcoming week, so aphid flights might heat up as well. We'll see what the traps capture...</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">You keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/7/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZEYefjQPJJ4Gm8jBemqoga-rHlKrcChpyehUrV6E3ZowE4l4BNNgXDj56WykFrpeMe7_7NOVMrUgsQ4FVE83yYKMtBh2YVNKIful44YicEuZPwrgNH05oHm0zC0s4K8crhobdx1wd-dAdldTGYjvPvN8-yC3H36fHOqIrgcshyCBRLVGKbow7L6ewoeY/s940/cmltv%20map%207_14.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="940" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZEYefjQPJJ4Gm8jBemqoga-rHlKrcChpyehUrV6E3ZowE4l4BNNgXDj56WykFrpeMe7_7NOVMrUgsQ4FVE83yYKMtBh2YVNKIful44YicEuZPwrgNH05oHm0zC0s4K8crhobdx1wd-dAdldTGYjvPvN8-yC3H36fHOqIrgcshyCBRLVGKbow7L6ewoeY/w640-h418/cmltv%20map%207_14.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/15/2022 for Comparison</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzo_W0DAWOmDhj-wJWWHEoJeLA1ivOTmqoDWNVgcF4Mbe5AV8eOIlppwohSf5qZVIuck8oBthhpq-Wtm-9E5U3agOW_2GHhkB6FvePRgJHCZ_2mnZmJBKvF3Hg69CbP7HRuX--YzcDTGzKkYoSS1knz_Zl1mt3OYEQ_ClOTOXL-oviVvfVK4ulkNlaZo4/s940/cmltv%20map%207_15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="940" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzo_W0DAWOmDhj-wJWWHEoJeLA1ivOTmqoDWNVgcF4Mbe5AV8eOIlppwohSf5qZVIuck8oBthhpq-Wtm-9E5U3agOW_2GHhkB6FvePRgJHCZ_2mnZmJBKvF3Hg69CbP7HRuX--YzcDTGzKkYoSS1knz_Zl1mt3OYEQ_ClOTOXL-oviVvfVK4ulkNlaZo4/w640-h466/cmltv%20map%207_15.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 7/14/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDFLxVhbo0ku3A3Au_1RHkFJaw6tU-cVO6jegiEOZjRTq3i-SRmCFMkFnHpBZGxUph0vrke6qS5h-vT9k9Aero8baNxVhQWDNDvx49ptvNrAKlUTrSpGnIAypVYdZoz34a9sRRibahYw5mMHUDDakT2fLgdPuAlu5hOnKlfleGwsMIPilfTN_aIfS9OE/s1634/Catch%207_14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="1634" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDFLxVhbo0ku3A3Au_1RHkFJaw6tU-cVO6jegiEOZjRTq3i-SRmCFMkFnHpBZGxUph0vrke6qS5h-vT9k9Aero8baNxVhQWDNDvx49ptvNrAKlUTrSpGnIAypVYdZoz34a9sRRibahYw5mMHUDDakT2fLgdPuAlu5hOnKlfleGwsMIPilfTN_aIfS9OE/w640-h188/Catch%207_14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/14/2023</b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqRLXLTHUBliqCITR_QqHP1LbL9nBKQy9K33QO-yQXb9pQzj2RHVX1eC0R6IUdA1bwXZDPvdz0SlmbbB80-pXVflauKHGdJV9_Vols0yFtAbnKs9a_LGHi3vPQYpJoc4oY8uKGKAsp3QAbmdVfwbAzdnShYAe0codlpWSNzx-Q2Cujsw-4gvOBBieRHLw/s1530/cmltv%207_14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="1530" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqRLXLTHUBliqCITR_QqHP1LbL9nBKQy9K33QO-yQXb9pQzj2RHVX1eC0R6IUdA1bwXZDPvdz0SlmbbB80-pXVflauKHGdJV9_Vols0yFtAbnKs9a_LGHi3vPQYpJoc4oY8uKGKAsp3QAbmdVfwbAzdnShYAe0codlpWSNzx-Q2Cujsw-4gvOBBieRHLw/w640-h196/cmltv%207_14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-65009064296215719462023-07-07T16:12:00.001-07:002023-07-07T16:12:12.177-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 1-7, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Aphids are starting to be captured but numbers are still low; only 4 aphids were returned from traps, and only 3 were PVY vectors. So, still a slow start to the aphid season and I'm still not complaining. We'll see more traps reporting in the near future as the season winds up. So check back to check on the numbers. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the meantime, Have a great weekend.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">You keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/7/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxiCxcmJlzgpCV-FZbpSzzjf7D_2KaD_hm0D1jUg9kAQ2RIn2D5bHy-HwQipAyhsvWPZhxnJ7oEzeA0FhnGqUMVFhzeLTPisHG7OVwowGlGhE5k9aENcVYwgdzkJ6S3mBqD9jgKXhQW_A40SzyLgqApqXm3ZAM5okDL2N_WVNxkkpft4HK68IOFy4Vcw/s830/cmltv%20map%207_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="830" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxiCxcmJlzgpCV-FZbpSzzjf7D_2KaD_hm0D1jUg9kAQ2RIn2D5bHy-HwQipAyhsvWPZhxnJ7oEzeA0FhnGqUMVFhzeLTPisHG7OVwowGlGhE5k9aENcVYwgdzkJ6S3mBqD9jgKXhQW_A40SzyLgqApqXm3ZAM5okDL2N_WVNxkkpft4HK68IOFy4Vcw/w640-h478/cmltv%20map%207_7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 7/7/2023</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxY0UFp4c_35lNV6xP1ED9wYoVl92VsJus4bOLAMlnYJT1zltGGkcXz28ZHj99pHCim6A9-OzORm9U0ndKZwL-MSBnHywJmD14_efy5OjQ-bACRWYoAwPI3c1pogiBfXPJWIOOm_nYohrf30aNusbRGBw63-aNBTSeGxSsDfV2h47liTSirFxUsRj1t9c/s1632/Catch%207_7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="239" data-original-width="1632" height="94" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxY0UFp4c_35lNV6xP1ED9wYoVl92VsJus4bOLAMlnYJT1zltGGkcXz28ZHj99pHCim6A9-OzORm9U0ndKZwL-MSBnHywJmD14_efy5OjQ-bACRWYoAwPI3c1pogiBfXPJWIOOm_nYohrf30aNusbRGBw63-aNBTSeGxSsDfV2h47liTSirFxUsRj1t9c/w640-h94/Catch%207_7.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 7/7/2023</b></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-21179900765204833752023-07-07T16:05:00.001-07:002023-07-07T16:05:11.227-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to June 15-30, 2023</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">With 5 trap locations submitting catches and no aphids captured, it looks like a slow start to the season. We won't complain about this. But our aphid populations generally start to ramp up in the 2nd or 3rd week of June, so we'll have to wait and see what the next few weeks bring.</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the meantime, Have a great weekend and a fantastic 4th!</span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">You keep scouting and we'll keep counting. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to 6/30/2023</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitGiH28MkGQ_maevHL0w94hQQ7FZ9KVYVs5DUCuZZhiiJcRKEHSp03pfQrPa2lkK3oBe6scZ4_RkiH5Uuu_oIefaTToyjYwEilpqKT3_YiK0uNegeQgGHOlkPmjUY9YxIrvhC2RU-oinzBI_ib8u7DzCwNbBNDJ_qLS1pEP37y2LDv3dJuHxR4qjYRorg/s824/cmltv%20map%206_30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="824" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitGiH28MkGQ_maevHL0w94hQQ7FZ9KVYVs5DUCuZZhiiJcRKEHSp03pfQrPa2lkK3oBe6scZ4_RkiH5Uuu_oIefaTToyjYwEilpqKT3_YiK0uNegeQgGHOlkPmjUY9YxIrvhC2RU-oinzBI_ib8u7DzCwNbBNDJ_qLS1pEP37y2LDv3dJuHxR4qjYRorg/w640-h478/cmltv%20map%206_30.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending 6/30/2023</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHVl6vumOgcIPJN02Y3VDQgbygUrmZSE8pkBGfcPJZQRur01r1wng44RufRHsLX3VlmwmGhGEaRGdGXUdWemFZm-spdP5gA3nYBmHjwoRZE83bCuYHKkt1ZwCPB9avlAbfo-oNSRdUhBZo4iTvfIe6BA0OY37H2G2r_gc2nqH5CsV4CHRwBFI2dTrF7Dw/s1689/Catch%206_23.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="1689" height="88" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHVl6vumOgcIPJN02Y3VDQgbygUrmZSE8pkBGfcPJZQRur01r1wng44RufRHsLX3VlmwmGhGEaRGdGXUdWemFZm-spdP5gA3nYBmHjwoRZE83bCuYHKkt1ZwCPB9avlAbfo-oNSRdUhBZo4iTvfIe6BA0OY37H2G2r_gc2nqH5CsV4CHRwBFI2dTrF7Dw/w640-h88/Catch%206_23.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><b style="font-size: large;"><br /></b></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to 6/30/2023</b></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQE3i1eDLTl2zhcaibMFLtwrg7yV0bl8XqPN8AirgWJ8hZLQGJmM0K-rl0TCw4JHELyDTAtVkt2vprbLwL_hpa4tn0acO_eONM5RNkLzi8gcZtlBhiozSm2enHGKpiAWL5fJyZdK9LvDRS2aTiO4WAHCNK1AO2jBxtyN6F69mq5Qj3rcKq-pFoAsT9cxg/s1238/cmltv%206_30.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="1238" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQE3i1eDLTl2zhcaibMFLtwrg7yV0bl8XqPN8AirgWJ8hZLQGJmM0K-rl0TCw4JHELyDTAtVkt2vprbLwL_hpa4tn0acO_eONM5RNkLzi8gcZtlBhiozSm2enHGKpiAWL5fJyZdK9LvDRS2aTiO4WAHCNK1AO2jBxtyN6F69mq5Qj3rcKq-pFoAsT9cxg/w640-h116/cmltv%206_30.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-38672259889644290742022-09-09T16:54:00.003-07:002022-09-09T16:59:33.241-07:00<p> </p><p><br /></p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to Sept 09, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Aphid numbers continue to decline as does the accumulation of PVY Vector Risk numbers. Many locations have already vine killed or are getting ready to do so. The season is rolling up to it's end, but the growth of aphid vector populations late in the season, especially the appearance of relatively numerous and well-distributed Green Peach Aphid, means this year ended with high PVY Vector Risk Index values. The number of total vectors captured across the region was a little more than half that of last week, as was the total capture/trap. </span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8B-iHF75T7Fy_Z60RKR-Kn_fEDA-nWAPbL1mHf45ymcd6UeCXJKAp58fU5C7DQVb7Djmi-S8YbC4ssUANIq5sb6g1q6cmFZHFgkUShjZbgG28JuaXt3f7Ib7tEIViLtDpmJo03Wdjabg-74EYyi4J3Mt5Mzj5jThXukGHCq1HkOv2up_DA1Qesrla/s1074/Vector%20catch%20vs%20PVY%20Indx%209_09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="1074" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8B-iHF75T7Fy_Z60RKR-Kn_fEDA-nWAPbL1mHf45ymcd6UeCXJKAp58fU5C7DQVb7Djmi-S8YbC4ssUANIq5sb6g1q6cmFZHFgkUShjZbgG28JuaXt3f7Ib7tEIViLtDpmJo03Wdjabg-74EYyi4J3Mt5Mzj5jThXukGHCq1HkOv2up_DA1Qesrla/w640-h324/Vector%20catch%20vs%20PVY%20Indx%209_09.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.2px;">Green Peach Aphid numbers were lower again this week, while there was a slight increase in Soybean Aphid and in Buckthorn Aphid captures over last week. All of the cereal aphid numbers have dropped to the point they are only occasional captures and the only species with remaining relatively numerous numbers was Cotton/Melon Aphid. </span></span></div><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Have a great Weekend! </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting... The seasonal wrap-up will be out soon.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sep 09</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS5u7Zao19IrIqz-LRa56paMSm3rofguCvfqPd0MoLIo8R4MTnTj1jAltqfkvNVThpmT8jATKRQllBMy6yuNEHCu6qF-y2srDOVKOOZegvzZ7O5Dt5r-y7GEvLyW3ZE8qnVqqRgBdikFV4JXH-tDMxNWSsNmfMuL5vOGNrRXWOrWxLg2Jm_JkzQvhE/s1037/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="1037" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS5u7Zao19IrIqz-LRa56paMSm3rofguCvfqPd0MoLIo8R4MTnTj1jAltqfkvNVThpmT8jATKRQllBMy6yuNEHCu6qF-y2srDOVKOOZegvzZ7O5Dt5r-y7GEvLyW3ZE8qnVqqRgBdikFV4JXH-tDMxNWSsNmfMuL5vOGNrRXWOrWxLg2Jm_JkzQvhE/w640-h420/cmltv%20map%209_09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 10, 2021 (please note different scale)</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX_q7wZ3E0sD7KyvSzSoLrRjoa8ysGHDjAJ7lMC2pMM74x9Vt7EJdYMa8y6lnKTOeZJh0baTMreOVJYdH0Q87mfXF_s0gjaqI-rSEHqU-hse63ltIHcg7PoeGeouBZHgYRnOv8ezZBKspVGFmNho-WQmW9ZPEb___VX7ys4o5vQdT94Sw800e7dBzG/s967/PVY%209_10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="967" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX_q7wZ3E0sD7KyvSzSoLrRjoa8ysGHDjAJ7lMC2pMM74x9Vt7EJdYMa8y6lnKTOeZJh0baTMreOVJYdH0Q87mfXF_s0gjaqI-rSEHqU-hse63ltIHcg7PoeGeouBZHgYRnOv8ezZBKspVGFmNho-WQmW9ZPEb___VX7ys4o5vQdT94Sw800e7dBzG/w640-h424/PVY%209_10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Sep 09, 2022</b></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE7Ub6mR25MAds9n96ctpA9lDvV47HSV40rWILV7TnG3SbwgSgdxmk1WsD-wBK1t5hgc9sz4YodTcdVQuFQTfPAPv2xPkHcQ_WlCvGhudzGETBZgfJfvNGJiKmzv90qycuycaSMna4NK37kK4dw6EITzOo0NJ-7QgEDP8_S1-6dIMixwyenVlPRKXj/s1720/Catch%209_09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1720" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE7Ub6mR25MAds9n96ctpA9lDvV47HSV40rWILV7TnG3SbwgSgdxmk1WsD-wBK1t5hgc9sz4YodTcdVQuFQTfPAPv2xPkHcQ_WlCvGhudzGETBZgfJfvNGJiKmzv90qycuycaSMna4NK37kK4dw6EITzOo0NJ-7QgEDP8_S1-6dIMixwyenVlPRKXj/w640-h184/Catch%209_09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Sep 09, 2022</b></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwL2IpFUgtNCqNdVf_rGk-RBJIUDjZo1tDvRzEg7IPMbXV0xvRogbp2IIcuS9n-3r7x1bUhOpEugWiGxLQRgD_-95LSo9nCBH1EYfVKQSbdP5fVYAwlGile5G0zGhBOCiCyNTHIBPtI_sY5o4MO431jrKRRLQHMBDaSMSozblipvAyWYgHkby5RQYw/s1425/Cmltv%209_09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="1425" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwL2IpFUgtNCqNdVf_rGk-RBJIUDjZo1tDvRzEg7IPMbXV0xvRogbp2IIcuS9n-3r7x1bUhOpEugWiGxLQRgD_-95LSo9nCBH1EYfVKQSbdP5fVYAwlGile5G0zGhBOCiCyNTHIBPtI_sY5o4MO431jrKRRLQHMBDaSMSozblipvAyWYgHkby5RQYw/w640-h212/Cmltv%209_09.JPG" width="640" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-31286770539053255642022-09-02T17:02:00.006-07:002023-03-09T10:31:04.610-08:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to Sept 02, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Aphid numbers seemed to have peaked. We recovered far fewer aphids per trap and overall regional numbers are way down this week, resulting in a decrease in the regional PVY Vector Risk Index. It should be noted that this season's cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index remains significantly higher than that of 2021.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEHGBTypQSdgtFXq6SAr4-ldN2gKTMqZPeAoVWxg3XPmXBh5_cLiOWOTQ0DQZ-_FmOROP-9vuiZEzE4decE0dWLRn3kAFz3dGh6v-dUvuA18lL8G-zeBxO_o3N7uyBrLvwAKR0CATWRcBo77WDW-uHA-qPEGm7gqypDnvCjNtbPxzeU2Mwy3QJ4v9f/s1074/Vector%20catch%20vs%20PVY%20Indx%209_02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="1074" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEHGBTypQSdgtFXq6SAr4-ldN2gKTMqZPeAoVWxg3XPmXBh5_cLiOWOTQ0DQZ-_FmOROP-9vuiZEzE4decE0dWLRn3kAFz3dGh6v-dUvuA18lL8G-zeBxO_o3N7uyBrLvwAKR0CATWRcBo77WDW-uHA-qPEGm7gqypDnvCjNtbPxzeU2Mwy3QJ4v9f/w640-h324/Vector%20catch%20vs%20PVY%20Indx%209_02.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Green Peach Aphid capture numbers were lower this week, approximately only 60% of last week's numbers. But the species did increase their regional distribution this week, showing up at an additional two locations (Perham and one of the Staples trap locations). </span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Soybean aphids are also down this week, dropping to almost half of last week, but are also well distributed across the region. As the nights get colder, we should soon see temperatures that will trigger a movement from soybeans to Buckthorn. </span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">There was a drop off in the number of most cereal aphids, with only one English Grain aphid being recovered all week. This is not surprising as cereal crops have matured in most locations and aphid dispersal from those crops will have ended. The only exception was Bird-Cherry Oat aphid, the only species to have an increase in capture numbers this week (although it was only 4 more than last week...) Other than that, all other species were captured at lower numbers.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">The season is quickly winding down and many locations are vine killing and harvesting. Hopefully, the aphid numbers will continue to rapidly drop, the weather will stay fine for harvest and the remaining few weeks will go smoothly.</span></span></p><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Have a great Labor Day Weekend! </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></div><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sep 02</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhD8sBJoJxHF1bHdUygLfnS1SREYupaUWBjXIhpckOZusBNk_cbH0fboKqSqi3bvfL73cb7JYAxxdB1UerbbB-CqHgZ3pW9ZDQ3gElqWXmxfp0R3hNXrrjopcrCfihQRXjBj1Z9LSRmwdgeTT1VD8-rjyFixkFVDP5AlDKUeVp-0isrIr5MjVtN6VO/s1029/cmltv%20map%209_02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="1029" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhD8sBJoJxHF1bHdUygLfnS1SREYupaUWBjXIhpckOZusBNk_cbH0fboKqSqi3bvfL73cb7JYAxxdB1UerbbB-CqHgZ3pW9ZDQ3gElqWXmxfp0R3hNXrrjopcrCfihQRXjBj1Z9LSRmwdgeTT1VD8-rjyFixkFVDP5AlDKUeVp-0isrIr5MjVtN6VO/w640-h426/cmltv%20map%209_02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 03, 2021 (please note different scale)</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAT5dbyG1UhBLLXI5FVtInlDU08MaRb0uNU6dqw9J5_AT7vShed-USU_cFEL5rXIASBbF0yPcMFE7sMzSFSAihFQzwM3q41LLan20XnUrr7LCvcDSQ9zhBLDGAiJcB4m6Xg00K_M9eA3AxIdFLY0klSdBxKSEavcLk93rQ1AF1GwvfVcNIU9mtDUul/s959/PVY%209_03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="959" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAT5dbyG1UhBLLXI5FVtInlDU08MaRb0uNU6dqw9J5_AT7vShed-USU_cFEL5rXIASBbF0yPcMFE7sMzSFSAihFQzwM3q41LLan20XnUrr7LCvcDSQ9zhBLDGAiJcB4m6Xg00K_M9eA3AxIdFLY0klSdBxKSEavcLk93rQ1AF1GwvfVcNIU9mtDUul/w640-h428/PVY%209_03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Sep 02, 2022</b></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBwCCR7idrzKjG-nWInq7lKZuc-m8Efe95OLecOkD8IeZ4I1D3qbOJ1vpA4QyYmeDZ_pT3Np1vyWqCOwbjZAkT9cJddzLk7WYJc5Q0L3BmnJUmk0o3vMCerwcp07ejAQpimNmRMxpbdkTZw3hu6pjaoabWy3t_aJWOr2L2OJvUil5ZCZ2PwSj_FtA/s1718/Catch%209_02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="1718" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBwCCR7idrzKjG-nWInq7lKZuc-m8Efe95OLecOkD8IeZ4I1D3qbOJ1vpA4QyYmeDZ_pT3Np1vyWqCOwbjZAkT9cJddzLk7WYJc5Q0L3BmnJUmk0o3vMCerwcp07ejAQpimNmRMxpbdkTZw3hu6pjaoabWy3t_aJWOr2L2OJvUil5ZCZ2PwSj_FtA/w640-h184/Catch%209_02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Sep 02, 2022</b></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkaYqwrIlHcIg9QGQ2Awc4MMpCWKnuk84qoMBPGzNiiKcyQ0EoTyQS_Z0KyltIJl89fw59ONCr1YdBQHYxM94hVBYMcHpqSynW-_Oq4nTHqWDkeWp_hcLyLK6uFlaNh6qKFB-_NOFLnKojtmhz5R2thGLKmGRiBzawmI8OIIWBOfqZGlQAo2NA3XHn/s1413/Cmltv%209_02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="1413" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkaYqwrIlHcIg9QGQ2Awc4MMpCWKnuk84qoMBPGzNiiKcyQ0EoTyQS_Z0KyltIJl89fw59ONCr1YdBQHYxM94hVBYMcHpqSynW-_Oq4nTHqWDkeWp_hcLyLK6uFlaNh6qKFB-_NOFLnKojtmhz5R2thGLKmGRiBzawmI8OIIWBOfqZGlQAo2NA3XHn/w640-h208/Cmltv%209_02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-76832263538240084152022-08-26T15:41:00.003-07:002022-08-26T16:00:12.249-07:00<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Trap Catches to Aug 26, 2022</span>.</span></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another big week for aphid captures. A total of 418 aphids were captured across all locations this week (350 of which were vectors of PVY), compared to only 316 last week (of which only 290 were vectors). So our aphid numbers rose again this week. Typically, our aphid numbers start to decrease by the last week in August. It will be interesting to see what happens next week.</span></span></p><h2 style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><p style="color: black; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span></span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK-6CQpChGskFeXF14TlAkqxm59zB_Z8GLWRxMvLN08OZ7_QavVs8m5sob6e9KltKogjJbItS79dsZMPF9q7Ie_-4JKVwZMRzdY5s7RC2aU7f93xKMfoDPICIRBd6zHghhGRlMgpUtB-UnHVudlboeAKg8kVA7tZ6Ex5lpqvFxOK6TzZF27lzDXIX1/s2066/cum%20PVY%20VI%208_25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="2066" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK-6CQpChGskFeXF14TlAkqxm59zB_Z8GLWRxMvLN08OZ7_QavVs8m5sob6e9KltKogjJbItS79dsZMPF9q7Ie_-4JKVwZMRzdY5s7RC2aU7f93xKMfoDPICIRBd6zHghhGRlMgpUtB-UnHVudlboeAKg8kVA7tZ6Ex5lpqvFxOK6TzZF27lzDXIX1/w640-h180/cum%20PVY%20VI%208_25.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A large number of Green Peach Aphids were recovered again this week</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> resulting in a </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">big rise in the Regional PVY Vector Risk Index. Soybean Aphids continue to be active and were recovered at multiple locations. Both Corn Leaf and English Grain Aphids continue to be numerous as do Thistle Aphids and Cotton/Melon Aphids. Cannabis aphid captures have also increased this week. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">For the first time this year, the number of vector species aphids have surpassed that of 2021 and our PVY Vector Risk Index is more than twice that of this time last year. The late season increase of aphids capable of vectoring PVY has made this a high risk year. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;">Several locations in MN and ND have already been able to start vine kill. But if there's still green material in the field, PVY can still be vectored by aphids. So, given the number of vector populations present, appropriate management should be considered. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">So... Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; font-weight: 400;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="color: #222222; font-weight: 400;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span face="arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves w</span><span style="font-family: arial;">ill have more established colonies and aphids prefer the </span><span face="arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif">balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Aug. 26, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: medium; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgME37Ny8aPjS-WqmZ6riBxV6HK9927lGuGGcAArzie1qGotk455o70MhM2-_RHGd-_1pVYAuu7-2AEBvhekNaGSMcsRoySKe4yHj7k_gYfH2GSUAXLBf1TPS1bnVLIqRHUivf-nmlYP8ge_79DZ7-ME7Ju1lXkqN2oaO5L1xNoSGoZMucDHHAqWQlj/s961/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="961" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgME37Ny8aPjS-WqmZ6riBxV6HK9927lGuGGcAArzie1qGotk455o70MhM2-_RHGd-_1pVYAuu7-2AEBvhekNaGSMcsRoySKe4yHj7k_gYfH2GSUAXLBf1TPS1bnVLIqRHUivf-nmlYP8ge_79DZ7-ME7Ju1lXkqN2oaO5L1xNoSGoZMucDHHAqWQlj/w640-h446/cmltv%20map%208_25.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 27, 2021 (please note different scale)</b></div></div><div style="font-size: medium;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvzx82Cx6dBPMbzbYoUTRqfcOyXzZ5wBQC1CtioKVOIvUfciCj1wT2B0l6HObu4SNNKFNp87XE-kbJ9igaNTgOAKagohkj1Mt66xwm097xCndkU6e2SX1vXOGQkbAP3sF1q3AumVqIxvdq98_XSpkF_jrYN0_1CEL-f0ajJ19jmJF1Kx67AThHGuER/s963/PVY%208_27.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="963" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvzx82Cx6dBPMbzbYoUTRqfcOyXzZ5wBQC1CtioKVOIvUfciCj1wT2B0l6HObu4SNNKFNp87XE-kbJ9igaNTgOAKagohkj1Mt66xwm097xCndkU6e2SX1vXOGQkbAP3sF1q3AumVqIxvdq98_XSpkF_jrYN0_1CEL-f0ajJ19jmJF1Kx67AThHGuER/w640-h430/PVY%208_27.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Aug 26, 2022</b></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiX8gtaIIeNaopZPRuHUUuirOqgOz9_IRSRM_GnAnfQVAzTjmCF6G7bNzO3i_epEHC8VBf_x_OkDsgU_sUDzME4xbniFMbdITzKInh0PMrs1WxMdX3HQeNrO3dGgermYMpp59bysJY6KaRew3NRcA0WgahJIgQ-ThEeEkQdS0N8iSsvUcUzwRumQZs/s1720/Catch%208_25.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1720" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiX8gtaIIeNaopZPRuHUUuirOqgOz9_IRSRM_GnAnfQVAzTjmCF6G7bNzO3i_epEHC8VBf_x_OkDsgU_sUDzME4xbniFMbdITzKInh0PMrs1WxMdX3HQeNrO3dGgermYMpp59bysJY6KaRew3NRcA0WgahJIgQ-ThEeEkQdS0N8iSsvUcUzwRumQZs/w640-h184/Catch%208_25.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><p style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 26, 2022</b></span></p><div style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1etba-HmsCzhQ_eY_IigtdVLzHjeGyzy5hTW4WFzCxfXup5ZcxD6TRnSOhJ3LXQ15SbkXL6pLjVZ8YlwKgXd3bpnHpH1cvBOxk_kRnHSe4kbjpnK-6MuOHyJvSlr4zOGEHc1PoKEf8vO1QdHmeD03ZW_NCX75igLt3T7fVbfVxvC0r3vnujxERx7W/s1676/Cmltv%208_25.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="1676" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1etba-HmsCzhQ_eY_IigtdVLzHjeGyzy5hTW4WFzCxfXup5ZcxD6TRnSOhJ3LXQ15SbkXL6pLjVZ8YlwKgXd3bpnHpH1cvBOxk_kRnHSe4kbjpnK-6MuOHyJvSlr4zOGEHc1PoKEf8vO1QdHmeD03ZW_NCX75igLt3T7fVbfVxvC0r3vnujxERx7W/w640-h178/Cmltv%208_25.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div></div></span></div></div></h2>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-79966720408888498772022-08-19T16:33:00.002-07:002022-08-23T15:54:32.638-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to Aug 19, 2022</span>.</h2><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">What a difference a week makes. The increasing presence and distribution of Green Peach Aphid in the region has driven the PVY Vector Risk higher than last year's at this time. </span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Potato Virus Y is a <i>non-persistent </i>virus, aphid vectors acquire the virus when probing & feeding on an infected plant. The aphid then transmits the virus to the next uninfected plant upon which it feeds. Most of this transmission is by winged aphids, as they move through a field, testing plants to assess their value as a potential food host. </span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Green Peach Aphid (GPA) is, by far, the most efficient vector of Potato Virus Y. It can acquire the virus from an infected plant faster than other species of aphid and can transmit it more readily. Consequently, it's presence increases the risk of PVY inoculum being moved in a seed potato field much more than does the presence of any other aphid species. So, while the number of aphids being trapped this week that vector PVY are still below that of 2021, the importance of GPA as a PVY vector increases the Risk Index more than any other aphid that can vector PVY. The weighting of increasing numbers of that species can be seen in the sharp rise of the seasonal increase in the accumulating average PVY Vector Risk Index of this season (right graph below) as compared to our 2013-2020 average (left graph below)</span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span></span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3gdBmE6MB-oi6OnluavRZ9vL7VFKCStjXi7hLQp5h-zlxchLNgVkbF-3BJ3FcDpewPc83biyrP2-7jmplMIoyFKgHwFy4jvF0XbX4CVtCjT9uIkoF8ULHFhi26a6eWmfCfhuW2kDXNwX1FhPoPr_7MBL7krN-BQLrPoVjABFSPeN1S5JRWbohy5YN/s2058/cum%20PVY%20VI%208_19.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="2058" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3gdBmE6MB-oi6OnluavRZ9vL7VFKCStjXi7hLQp5h-zlxchLNgVkbF-3BJ3FcDpewPc83biyrP2-7jmplMIoyFKgHwFy4jvF0XbX4CVtCjT9uIkoF8ULHFhi26a6eWmfCfhuW2kDXNwX1FhPoPr_7MBL7krN-BQLrPoVjABFSPeN1S5JRWbohy5YN/w640-h181/cum%20PVY%20VI%208_19.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><br /><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Green Peach Aphids have been collected from a number of widely distanced locations and were numerous at several locations. Overall, regional PVY vector captures increased again this week. Trap numbers were almost 70% higher than last week, indicating we have not yet reached the population peak. Other vector species are increasing in number and distribution as well. Cereal aphids continue to rise and remain numerous at most locations, with all species increasing except Bird Cherry Oat Aphids. Soybean Aphid capture numbers doubled this week and were recovered at all but 2 locations; Buckthorn Aphids were also numerous and recovered in most locations. Both Damson Hop and Cannabis Aphids were recovered this week. Numbers of both Thistle and Cotton/Melon Aphids increased this week and were found at most locations.</span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">With aphid vector numbers still increasing, and keeping in mind most of our PVY results from late season transmission, appropriate management tactics should be considered. Monitoring aphid populations and keeping seed fields clean is increasingly important this time of year.</span></span></p><p style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">So... Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="font-size: 13.2px; font-weight: 400;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Aug. 19, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbo8BDOyliwmJIVFgnBPPG71vwHdr-gOGBODS7utlwHG1Nm-JSut4jR1KpEa0tJQEI4NMQHC099XnUrNg-hC2Qn9VBCKZyeKMRKDFBf2F7gCxddfFuar0W0eWx-Mm-ntUF5_comnCQRJinPPh0cJfEWnQWBBFqC8gTkzm1KyAVhhTtFe3fOG5yiotB/s983/cmltv%20map%208_19.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="983" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbo8BDOyliwmJIVFgnBPPG71vwHdr-gOGBODS7utlwHG1Nm-JSut4jR1KpEa0tJQEI4NMQHC099XnUrNg-hC2Qn9VBCKZyeKMRKDFBf2F7gCxddfFuar0W0eWx-Mm-ntUF5_comnCQRJinPPh0cJfEWnQWBBFqC8gTkzm1KyAVhhTtFe3fOG5yiotB/w640-h440/cmltv%20map%208_19.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 20, 2021 (please note different scale)</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxE9ELEQV7KFDVrALARU774O3UTS5k79WASDIWj2AciRmFp15XegKTx_UpXelSYGM56Q1buFxBId8UKC5jdNg6v9V97hcNX26sAwbeYk2J_7nPmRZmwXhUJTq7RtUacJSi-oE7-i0rpOFdcDC6FKIayEFPc1zCWCVCZJAgOjg-g-BnfMPJJTZ3v-FE/s957/PVY%208_20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="957" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxE9ELEQV7KFDVrALARU774O3UTS5k79WASDIWj2AciRmFp15XegKTx_UpXelSYGM56Q1buFxBId8UKC5jdNg6v9V97hcNX26sAwbeYk2J_7nPmRZmwXhUJTq7RtUacJSi-oE7-i0rpOFdcDC6FKIayEFPc1zCWCVCZJAgOjg-g-BnfMPJJTZ3v-FE/w640-h434/PVY%208_20.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Aug 19, 2022</b></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjgANs4nc3sftEPP3njXwS4cg5SezL0kFvsTS0hzziq4uclXqLfXofR9AGa-cGfuyBSlDCQfMb8pSedApo8rRO7r49_BVsYCHUhZyfHRN6382OEEH1SMp78OsInoO6gKGOU2E5dCYuyz35MU2ZlcXPwExr8r6ZYLEdruTYPC2i-TklvWzlMwCHKJf/s1719/Catch%208_19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="1719" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjgANs4nc3sftEPP3njXwS4cg5SezL0kFvsTS0hzziq4uclXqLfXofR9AGa-cGfuyBSlDCQfMb8pSedApo8rRO7r49_BVsYCHUhZyfHRN6382OEEH1SMp78OsInoO6gKGOU2E5dCYuyz35MU2ZlcXPwExr8r6ZYLEdruTYPC2i-TklvWzlMwCHKJf/w640-h186/Catch%208_19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><p style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 19, 2022</b></span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ToZklajggVoup8F-ck8JnPlyg24drL2N416Gia9zThgqlDAqHD_S90QJ6dbPlrN1YCwn02H2KMTFLBzdAvWvWHWZsBApvhZPjCiJPzNwBJdS-XNeXpLDL_IATH2hyQgzTO1fWDceyYYLATr8uEQKVPkSBG4YdZmn5aPdm6pK2eO7Rty89_gzJ6nY/s1600/Cmltv%208_19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="1600" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ToZklajggVoup8F-ck8JnPlyg24drL2N416Gia9zThgqlDAqHD_S90QJ6dbPlrN1YCwn02H2KMTFLBzdAvWvWHWZsBApvhZPjCiJPzNwBJdS-XNeXpLDL_IATH2hyQgzTO1fWDceyYYLATr8uEQKVPkSBG4YdZmn5aPdm6pK2eO7Rty89_gzJ6nY/w640-h186/Cmltv%208_19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div></h2>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-60177771996584482282022-08-12T18:06:00.001-07:002022-08-12T18:19:16.391-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to Aug 12, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Another large jump in aphid numbers this week with an accompanying rise in the PVY Vector Risk. The increase through August so far for this year's regional aphid population seems to mirror the average population growth from 2013 through 2020. In other words, weekly captures are still increasing. The total numbers of PVY vectors are still only half what they were at this point last year, but if the </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">weekly increase in numbers continues, our total counts could be close to 2021. The graphs below show the average regional weekly capture in 2021, the average regional weekly trap captures for this year, and the seasonal regional captures by week averaged from 2013 through 2020. Note that in 2021 (upper left graph), by August, weekly captures had peaked and were decreasing, this year (upper right graph), half way through August and our weekly captures are still increasing. The 8 year average pattern of weekly captures (bottom of the 3 graphs) indicates our typical peak occurs in August. </span></span></p><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieQwHK9yPneyL6_8ZyF8puClSlsqS3-bMcC1ibJ36oRjiP4J3RN6sk8mMH4nRq6KPFTwfhSZ9b-Kx7FHSZDK_s6a8GUVzbPplY-bOZmUP954qMQCyvxaTvtKFNe_Z_ynQC-ozswpCviNLUGOCsZBG8qotC_1-0jfYvMoRmAjrQa09yY6VCWWuy3Tso/s2107/compare%208_15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="2107" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieQwHK9yPneyL6_8ZyF8puClSlsqS3-bMcC1ibJ36oRjiP4J3RN6sk8mMH4nRq6KPFTwfhSZ9b-Kx7FHSZDK_s6a8GUVzbPplY-bOZmUP954qMQCyvxaTvtKFNe_Z_ynQC-ozswpCviNLUGOCsZBG8qotC_1-0jfYvMoRmAjrQa09yY6VCWWuy3Tso/w640-h370/compare%208_15.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: left;"> </span></div></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Soybean Aphid numbers continue to increase, as do our cereal aphid numbers with Corn Leaf and English Grain aphid numbers taking a bit of a jump. Buckthorn Aphids were recovered from numerous trapping sites as were thistle aphids. </span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Another single Green Peach Aphid was recovered from the trap in Becker, MN and there have been potential recoveries in Manitoba as well. This indicates that there may have been at least a couple of immigration events this season. Green Peach Aphids do not overwinter this far north, and their populations are re-established from the south only by very specific low-level jet wind events. Looks like this has happened in at least two locations this year. </span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">In any case, numbers are rising, vector species are present.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">So... Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Aug. 12, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ko7LrIv8G6TlWQgL2GNULZlDwNfD-ujs9BGRPZ1si5V0_maspYVBzye7y_p0jx5RFzxRTsXn89lyUpJB5a6uMTcXPzkHg2NUYeWTwbk8WVLDRQO7xuOi6Gq-fQiBWuznnBiiOxJLnOSaI4k83hz6UQ4BrWKN6mMqu6_-eqyLG0nwoUD2vXPd01rG/s980/cmltv%20map%208_12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="980" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ko7LrIv8G6TlWQgL2GNULZlDwNfD-ujs9BGRPZ1si5V0_maspYVBzye7y_p0jx5RFzxRTsXn89lyUpJB5a6uMTcXPzkHg2NUYeWTwbk8WVLDRQO7xuOi6Gq-fQiBWuznnBiiOxJLnOSaI4k83hz6UQ4BrWKN6mMqu6_-eqyLG0nwoUD2vXPd01rG/w640-h438/cmltv%20map%208_12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 13, 2021 (please note different scale)</b></div></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1cJoHn-PlSlo092KNsBePKyzc-gMtWnEtK22ULdwTqpYp0XH2mp5JRLq2_wThER3nlER0Mov8Jizc7WlM5rbATEU8ZcW756gJVxrLZKPQNb57XbgYhx0Y2MLGyp-9gO2vK2wjL8C2A0r0bKjfMUKzOd_xjB5kZOlkYNII1fVNy9EUmDpFMx5AHWu0/s955/PVY%208_13.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="955" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1cJoHn-PlSlo092KNsBePKyzc-gMtWnEtK22ULdwTqpYp0XH2mp5JRLq2_wThER3nlER0Mov8Jizc7WlM5rbATEU8ZcW756gJVxrLZKPQNb57XbgYhx0Y2MLGyp-9gO2vK2wjL8C2A0r0bKjfMUKzOd_xjB5kZOlkYNII1fVNy9EUmDpFMx5AHWu0/w640-h428/PVY%208_13.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;"><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="font-size: large;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Aug 12, 2022</b></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRiC_EHcpsKudsah3hSeqc1tGEVKNeCCXsepdILAU8LaHAhUSPuG52mP7XS_ztuQnZ9WDI9d3HvnMikfocY4b8Umx6iki1HJMWpgmNdYJScB0w-Z0mrtl9ZUPCLsVanBQSKYXf83KWGV64hxXfjGpFSQJDv6weGYghAsNys3b1M1I6X5e_7BXflznO/s1599/Catch%208_12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="1599" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRiC_EHcpsKudsah3hSeqc1tGEVKNeCCXsepdILAU8LaHAhUSPuG52mP7XS_ztuQnZ9WDI9d3HvnMikfocY4b8Umx6iki1HJMWpgmNdYJScB0w-Z0mrtl9ZUPCLsVanBQSKYXf83KWGV64hxXfjGpFSQJDv6weGYghAsNys3b1M1I6X5e_7BXflznO/w640-h186/Catch%208_12.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><p style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 12, 2022</b></span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVrLaOG5G-d9YMmj5RFNpRT_ScVlLmUld5tyMfhvzqHpePg3a0QJPP1f193dpFAlCFuO_vGdxSs6XTFWL8kb5USiXp6-kymz7PdKIDXd5ao2NmZ97iIMkcVsL0x134FFiNnV0idCvQ58NHqUfYJQ4nyonQjd3s2vbvdeOK0f2fAOZ8Bw1r-TsJZW5/s1602/Cmltv%208_12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="1602" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiVrLaOG5G-d9YMmj5RFNpRT_ScVlLmUld5tyMfhvzqHpePg3a0QJPP1f193dpFAlCFuO_vGdxSs6XTFWL8kb5USiXp6-kymz7PdKIDXd5ao2NmZ97iIMkcVsL0x134FFiNnV0idCvQ58NHqUfYJQ4nyonQjd3s2vbvdeOK0f2fAOZ8Bw1r-TsJZW5/w640-h186/Cmltv%208_12.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-26749809212967040922022-08-05T18:03:00.002-07:002022-08-05T18:15:13.088-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to Aug 05, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Aphid vector numbers continued to rise this week, putting us into a later growing population than last year. By this time in 2021, aphid captures had already peaked and were decreasing while this year's populations are still growing (see graphs below). </span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">Last year's level of both aphid capture and PVY Vector Risk at this time of the season were much higher, mostly because of the number of English Grain Aphids which were numerous at all trapping locations in 2021. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">The temperatures drought of 2021 drove aphid numbers high early in the summer. This year, more moderate temperatures and more frequent rain have both moderated aphid population dynamics while providing better late season conditions for aphid populations in the area. </span></p><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">(Click on image for larger version)</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDlzVvJEBmm4bmNvtIzGkgXflc_Nhi46BYaA4Mz-8NXvi1eWCENfhYpoOxIt6XE13d1X42LIC1fnk_dh7k7UAYu_yxrniKsOD-KyXRGY1MLjKnCrPNLhCheDgs9Bwvj0tGdBYsAkof12MaBwZPuMAo9YXq4_BDxe5dpAoZtS_NTkUUO9uOwgWRVsco/s1754/compare%2021_22.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="1754" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDlzVvJEBmm4bmNvtIzGkgXflc_Nhi46BYaA4Mz-8NXvi1eWCENfhYpoOxIt6XE13d1X42LIC1fnk_dh7k7UAYu_yxrniKsOD-KyXRGY1MLjKnCrPNLhCheDgs9Bwvj0tGdBYsAkof12MaBwZPuMAo9YXq4_BDxe5dpAoZtS_NTkUUO9uOwgWRVsco/w640-h168/compare%2021_22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>The species composition of the aphid captures are different this year, with no individual species dominating the catch to the extent that English Grain Aphid did last year. That being said, Thistle Aphid was common this week and has become the most numerous vector captured this year and the only one to be recovered at all trapping locations. Soybean Aphids are starting to increase and are being recovered from more trap locations. This is not surprising for this time of year, Bruce Potter in Lamberton reported today that the southern migration has started this week. We can probably expect more Soybean Aphids in our traps next week. Cereal aphid numbers continue to rise, with the later maturing grain crop this year, these species also may well increase next week. We also recovered our first Green Peach Aphid since 2020 this week. Green Peach Aphid is, of course, the most effective vector of PVY. Only a single Green Peach Aphid was recovered, lets hope she's lonely!</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;"> </span><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.2px;">So... Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Aug. 05, 2022</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD6wh0I8EZHftP5fJ9gffoLBgEZBeovRIScs1nFn22-Yu4IxtQY0NnV7yAX0GB1n8HHkWVzsPcv3YzEtra6PZoDIk-utLoYzWdvOquvQD8Tmeewk0tI351E25ZygTa30yHSAPqKf9LE-cPNBJdOyUaXgw44ruxgasdpwMAs6_KyFlM2S85OS1JDNAg/s946/cmltv%20map%208_05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="946" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD6wh0I8EZHftP5fJ9gffoLBgEZBeovRIScs1nFn22-Yu4IxtQY0NnV7yAX0GB1n8HHkWVzsPcv3YzEtra6PZoDIk-utLoYzWdvOquvQD8Tmeewk0tI351E25ZygTa30yHSAPqKf9LE-cPNBJdOyUaXgw44ruxgasdpwMAs6_KyFlM2S85OS1JDNAg/w640-h466/cmltv%20map%208_05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 06, 2021 (please note different scale) </b></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxYeHvE2YJhdn4LklsB1rBCT9cw0BlSF3l0UyxF9iGWkW2kVl5VuPYA4tR_JHSFwF4rjQOE9U7QrRPaB6PHQjOCyGJvQ_gyFW7TTrWUhi1EUXisl54g_ivrtay_d9kLtQh1MfnjTOs3LSnUzIR48VXAAAYIL8yAKzvZdIMQCjoj7G0kfwJe0ikxLga/s967/PVY%208_06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="967" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxYeHvE2YJhdn4LklsB1rBCT9cw0BlSF3l0UyxF9iGWkW2kVl5VuPYA4tR_JHSFwF4rjQOE9U7QrRPaB6PHQjOCyGJvQ_gyFW7TTrWUhi1EUXisl54g_ivrtay_d9kLtQh1MfnjTOs3LSnUzIR48VXAAAYIL8yAKzvZdIMQCjoj7G0kfwJe0ikxLga/w640-h440/PVY%208_06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div></div><h3 style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Aug 05, 2022</b></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCujufK1DK8TkaRytq_LkB8bRsHwZUqmeuHyy2HhBHmxh4PtCDWeD6Dtiqo9qzZ19go8RJAy_jXdIhD0RmHOi7yuPGMwrm6PzM15Uc1rnED06n8qm9VpHNU5EM7i8Kc91Cz-OfftvvRF9XJq33CVtdguDohY3I0Vr4nN91mcLNkqe1s5LlOId9FYZk/s1720/Catch%208_05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="1720" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCujufK1DK8TkaRytq_LkB8bRsHwZUqmeuHyy2HhBHmxh4PtCDWeD6Dtiqo9qzZ19go8RJAy_jXdIhD0RmHOi7yuPGMwrm6PzM15Uc1rnED06n8qm9VpHNU5EM7i8Kc91Cz-OfftvvRF9XJq33CVtdguDohY3I0Vr4nN91mcLNkqe1s5LlOId9FYZk/w640-h186/Catch%208_05.JPG" width="640" /></a></h3></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 05, 2022</b></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqtv1arIpc4115hL6QLmB_a-9r5_hQ4trUoLMIPUmokC8fYSSfAX2d-tP45pLCLy00hRUazSIKSeYrInAGC_9ZeSnE6XGOBlJ9AOTBdriVZbGQzISjsGlCMk8JmgEePrMVsOIlzIAztBhWM5zANqO7P82ZK_fK_w-ed-KwoeZU7zR5CnQo58XbxAz/s1614/Cmltv%208_05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="1614" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqtv1arIpc4115hL6QLmB_a-9r5_hQ4trUoLMIPUmokC8fYSSfAX2d-tP45pLCLy00hRUazSIKSeYrInAGC_9ZeSnE6XGOBlJ9AOTBdriVZbGQzISjsGlCMk8JmgEePrMVsOIlzIAztBhWM5zANqO7P82ZK_fK_w-ed-KwoeZU7zR5CnQo58XbxAz/w640-h184/Cmltv%208_05.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-50411016306896286652022-07-29T15:32:00.000-07:002022-07-29T15:32:30.182-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 29, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Aphid vector captures are up again this week, but the regional PVY Vector Risk is less than half that of last year. While some sites this week are close to last year's numbers, far more sites had high numbers at this point last year than this year. However, at this time last year, the vector population peaked and captures began to decline through August. This year's population seems to still be growing and our PVY Risk may continue to increase. The graph below on the right shows the average number of PVY vector aphids caught across the region at this time last year, the graph on the left shows where those populations are this week. Note the Y-axis range is very different, the 2021 populations were 2-3 times those of this year. But in 2021, because of the hot, dry year, most aphid movement from small grains had already occurred by this time. This year, many crops are behind where they were last year, there has been significantly greater moisture and conditions for continued aphid population growth through August are much better than in 2021.</span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhi1ebqRPBO_O9N_Z2RWqgKfhQgYruI0SK0n4VTQ57l7is44Hp7Q9V5ggk3NciQ9Xb8ai0Bs66bUjMi6JXHmqlcrDPUz2JeKlGE3VdeiB7SavprT2FuEPsCjMhEz6Lp8FNutp_fZAQP2bFYB5D9euKM4Po8IjYzVFLVmLwBY1m-5rxNnKOZSg3tAdnS" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="982" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhi1ebqRPBO_O9N_Z2RWqgKfhQgYruI0SK0n4VTQ57l7is44Hp7Q9V5ggk3NciQ9Xb8ai0Bs66bUjMi6JXHmqlcrDPUz2JeKlGE3VdeiB7SavprT2FuEPsCjMhEz6Lp8FNutp_fZAQP2bFYB5D9euKM4Po8IjYzVFLVmLwBY1m-5rxNnKOZSg3tAdnS=w640-h170" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><p></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">The data below shows that for the first time this year, the number of vector species captured outnumbered the non-vectors. While many of these were cereal aphids (Bird Cherry Oat, Corn Leaf and English Grain aphids were recovered at several trapping locations) moving in response to maturing grain crops, a number of other vector species increased this week. Potato aphids and Cotton/Melon aphids were numerous at several locations, as were Buckthorn and Thistle aphids. Soybean aphids, likewise, are starting to appear in low numbers at almost all trapping locations.</span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">So, the more favorable weather for aphids we're experiencing may result in an associated increase in aphid numbers but so far, we're trending lower than last year. Our typical peak aphid season is the next 2-3 weeks, lets hope our numbers stay low.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So... Keep scouting, and we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">July 22, 2022</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ybnkrWDp05H625lbn4V4EbAY6Ddd7m51q2IjVWahVgUoqIOfxs15f6YF7dpmJLJ0DKKcvRM1BZvyPIajS1T4EtrKPF97a6mylYwExUefbCGIpkBMPcmmg5822p0w1o7uD-MquT5Z6PUb894mr0NrD8avt7Cb2kVl_eWkIkQecZETLo5vE4mFGoOg/s953/cmltv%20map%207_29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="953" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ybnkrWDp05H625lbn4V4EbAY6Ddd7m51q2IjVWahVgUoqIOfxs15f6YF7dpmJLJ0DKKcvRM1BZvyPIajS1T4EtrKPF97a6mylYwExUefbCGIpkBMPcmmg5822p0w1o7uD-MquT5Z6PUb894mr0NrD8avt7Cb2kVl_eWkIkQecZETLo5vE4mFGoOg/w640-h464/cmltv%20map%207_29.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to July 23, 2021 (please note different scale) </b></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAnqc-jj9auMNysXk1ubcBnByevMW0-qzaaQDtfVATBnzku5WxUsQIKMFFGTVjCUyXuJGneMaKQRBcFXtQqR53qjbRHmFFuHt_eukFRwLuWJSa30wGTnVDsqm_hbhIf92NvMwT25iaU518aRnjfMcdGl8Pc3PQzvLyaeR8MNe8sZ8zHN6dItozVibE/s951/PVY%207_30.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="951" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAnqc-jj9auMNysXk1ubcBnByevMW0-qzaaQDtfVATBnzku5WxUsQIKMFFGTVjCUyXuJGneMaKQRBcFXtQqR53qjbRHmFFuHt_eukFRwLuWJSa30wGTnVDsqm_hbhIf92NvMwT25iaU518aRnjfMcdGl8Pc3PQzvLyaeR8MNe8sZ8zHN6dItozVibE/w640-h464/PVY%207_30.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending July 29, 2022</b></span></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_INixh1FHB78Dsrp8xabVaPnQ7oM3yb1V1d_yB9Pr1Tmg8EoHbMPk-1EaknF66YHqdJ00cOrqzU2AN9LF4hZCJ0K5P4iL0ONNM42KoMh-Z88ZBHTe5UzAGE_SJEDsycRIirIGBRqT53V3pGeB2zFlyfkmawJGC9oVptQA-iLpZIpRPd7k4vjJXC2/s1719/Catch%207_29.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="1719" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_INixh1FHB78Dsrp8xabVaPnQ7oM3yb1V1d_yB9Pr1Tmg8EoHbMPk-1EaknF66YHqdJ00cOrqzU2AN9LF4hZCJ0K5P4iL0ONNM42KoMh-Z88ZBHTe5UzAGE_SJEDsycRIirIGBRqT53V3pGeB2zFlyfkmawJGC9oVptQA-iLpZIpRPd7k4vjJXC2/w640-h184/Catch%207_29.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to July 29, 2022</span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW96BSAgvU6NeNz8EKvrfOEGfjcJ9SQjBQHjBfx9J-mkM2xDM7faxR28l_TV7G95gxOD028Kc9tGEu8VKPT1ES8FiN-oW5eCU7tiWWc5yQGl5isbwiC3qamgLYvQNfCp66SCQtdU8mxIp1grQpaTjRv_OXr5tDpkUi7uHz3Ns6h24_Iv5hSfY6WJNx/s1598/Cmltv%207_29.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="1598" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW96BSAgvU6NeNz8EKvrfOEGfjcJ9SQjBQHjBfx9J-mkM2xDM7faxR28l_TV7G95gxOD028Kc9tGEu8VKPT1ES8FiN-oW5eCU7tiWWc5yQGl5isbwiC3qamgLYvQNfCp66SCQtdU8mxIp1grQpaTjRv_OXr5tDpkUi7uHz3Ns6h24_Iv5hSfY6WJNx/w640-h188/Cmltv%207_29.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-61252625940034254472022-07-23T12:42:00.005-07:002022-07-23T12:57:27.330-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 22, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Aphid vector captures are up this week over last week, but still behind last year's numbers. This may be due to the wetter spring, which probably gave a boost to the fungal pathogens that often control aphid populations early in the year. Last year, the dry conditions likely precluded the establishment of these natural controls in many areas. This week, with most traps reporting, 74 vector aphids were recovered. Still no Green Peach Aphids, but cereal aphids are getting more numerous and other aphid species are showing up as well. With the increasing numbers, there was an increase in our regional PVY Vector Risk Index as well.</span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Most numerous were non-vector aphid species, indicating that the late July movement of aphids that we encounter in this region is underway. Soybean aphid numbers are slightly increasing, with 9 sites reporting low numbers. Cotton/Melon and Buckthorn aphids are both well-distributed across the region, Potato aphids were recovered at 6 locations as were Buckthorn aphids. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The PVY Vector Risk Index, which reflects the risk of PVY transmission within fields based on the relative effectiveness or the aphid species' ability to transmit the virus, also increased this week. Overall, our numbers are below where they were this time last year, but higher than 2020 or 2019.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It appears that our aphid numbers are following the standard pattern for our region, with populations starting to grow in mid-late July and peaking through August (see graph below). If this is the case, we'll see increasing aphid populations over the next few weeks.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz6Y5Cy5Rqy3XjE6lPwWnP6m3VEkkt4qdFUPaUM5S7I33PC9dA0oW1dOOK1yh-_ySj6q1hFWED-X9nZJN9YRZp2CGBhyw41sv69Fp11S8bVpQHWVQzYMnIDldJ2xSKxX9_uE9F8P613k3taXrqj_7xSSY-iNnGgEn8NQciAidnmS2V6SGXhEWXjf7P/s1150/avg%20catch2013_20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1150" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz6Y5Cy5Rqy3XjE6lPwWnP6m3VEkkt4qdFUPaUM5S7I33PC9dA0oW1dOOK1yh-_ySj6q1hFWED-X9nZJN9YRZp2CGBhyw41sv69Fp11S8bVpQHWVQzYMnIDldJ2xSKxX9_uE9F8P613k3taXrqj_7xSSY-iNnGgEn8NQciAidnmS2V6SGXhEWXjf7P/w640-h397/avg%20catch2013_20.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So... Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">July 22, 2022</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNH-dEadJxwD2nKC_OY9xaCsX1TMuGF6fEZvEUs8ruBT00JYSC7nqSIRTzXS9zaFE-Ant_5f2WBBc6W8t7XxCiNSgsIwoS4jlrBCkjV1g8LKoRzFZCemx_j9SUR3EQryZW7IFKevbQp-As3dqTJR883aaj4Ep8WzOScL61vyic5LGXHtj_0xVHHTT7/s924/cmltv%20map%207_22a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="924" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNH-dEadJxwD2nKC_OY9xaCsX1TMuGF6fEZvEUs8ruBT00JYSC7nqSIRTzXS9zaFE-Ant_5f2WBBc6W8t7XxCiNSgsIwoS4jlrBCkjV1g8LKoRzFZCemx_j9SUR3EQryZW7IFKevbQp-As3dqTJR883aaj4Ep8WzOScL61vyic5LGXHtj_0xVHHTT7/w640-h476/cmltv%20map%207_22a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to July 23, 2021 (please note different scale) </b></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDD2XLKzm8EFXcut0x5g1fGZDjQRT5ekjQ4fn3uPir3fh3p1JkO93aPbKgY4FMBIVZmybkjb5llEAdb6RS4hFjKWAbgDrZxPs75aeJ6wBH0-7aDTnVRMNeKqJ6JUGAz1T7XnsB70yvIt18ccVlnwUdGdxfkzhpnvXI2kUyEI1CDZmLRRUxRnZHEalc/s942/PVY%207_23.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="942" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDD2XLKzm8EFXcut0x5g1fGZDjQRT5ekjQ4fn3uPir3fh3p1JkO93aPbKgY4FMBIVZmybkjb5llEAdb6RS4hFjKWAbgDrZxPs75aeJ6wBH0-7aDTnVRMNeKqJ6JUGAz1T7XnsB70yvIt18ccVlnwUdGdxfkzhpnvXI2kUyEI1CDZmLRRUxRnZHEalc/w640-h472/PVY%207_23.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending July 22, 2022</span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUIR9zZHhdev3AXzTMCJq8TQyZDHIl6raV5VXSmsMV5xct4v2xAE3lu5prEY19k1ECwdh_HbO7vOzEJJeI8Ew0xxHYDE98Dhd297N8t4_mX8LwQcYVnMtUby6v8ql670ohtLVaHhHyqafsl7KRdGfvzoOGb082Ep5Cw_9SuRxQoQxTXn_LlM7Urw1N/s1721/Catch%207_22.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="1721" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUIR9zZHhdev3AXzTMCJq8TQyZDHIl6raV5VXSmsMV5xct4v2xAE3lu5prEY19k1ECwdh_HbO7vOzEJJeI8Ew0xxHYDE98Dhd297N8t4_mX8LwQcYVnMtUby6v8ql670ohtLVaHhHyqafsl7KRdGfvzoOGb082Ep5Cw_9SuRxQoQxTXn_LlM7Urw1N/w640-h192/Catch%207_22.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to July 22, 2022</span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVk7Px08GDC5ztGeVH6Z3Jvnq7WlOZkSL2ve1Vn8DmE5cYxXYnrzIm-t-RSf07VPsY7_iKTKjplfXW1BuVYazWLxlHDKkS2lModAARX1OJL3t242NxLXV_1zGwSWQf8upqEuVtFQSPhGul-TSJrmLBXXL_CrZ18NT8IJnu0JkC4EZB5dMxcp3GpFRW/s1599/Cmltv%207_22.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="1599" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVk7Px08GDC5ztGeVH6Z3Jvnq7WlOZkSL2ve1Vn8DmE5cYxXYnrzIm-t-RSf07VPsY7_iKTKjplfXW1BuVYazWLxlHDKkS2lModAARX1OJL3t242NxLXV_1zGwSWQf8upqEuVtFQSPhGul-TSJrmLBXXL_CrZ18NT8IJnu0JkC4EZB5dMxcp3GpFRW/w640-h188/Cmltv%207_22.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-44934396623310994942022-07-15T12:09:00.001-07:002022-07-15T12:09:56.049-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 15, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Aphid vector captures remain behind those of last year, although trap captures are slightly increasing. We started to see our first grain aphids and some other species, like thistle aphids, are starting to show up as well. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Both Corn Leaf and English Grain aphids were recovered this week, indicating aphid movement from grains is starting. Thistle aphids and Buckthorn aphids were recovered from a couple of traps</span><span style="font-family: arial;">. Potato aphids and Cotton/Melon aphids are still present, and soybean aphids seem to be more widely distributed, although numbers are still low. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Overall, the seasonal aphid abundance remains relatively low. Early rains and wetter conditions than last year may be keeping populations down. So a good thing to this point. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">July 15, 2022</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsQN3jsyt8eSXUx-IGC9NMIYzC8h5bZoYseKhfn3GEHI9y2KbM6CgAIRWWjvf_rC9WSiAKZCBSlrFshHQxy3fnQ7unJ0G_3pSNUqSr2kpEv9tr7HcgoNzjHxLUdzWrC6hwykGXR8B2UWsPItrTRWjRheGWgs8gYlA2n1j70otBlkqlndJxvBhtIqMg/s940/cmltv%20map%207_15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="940" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsQN3jsyt8eSXUx-IGC9NMIYzC8h5bZoYseKhfn3GEHI9y2KbM6CgAIRWWjvf_rC9WSiAKZCBSlrFshHQxy3fnQ7unJ0G_3pSNUqSr2kpEv9tr7HcgoNzjHxLUdzWrC6hwykGXR8B2UWsPItrTRWjRheGWgs8gYlA2n1j70otBlkqlndJxvBhtIqMg/w640-h466/cmltv%20map%207_15.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to July 16, 2021 (please note different scale) </b></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYU4kXU5SXNa-TUtEhkLsuhIn21mVN-BCnQBLazf3emMVO-JrT1S38cE3_8AR5Vgtdmt_kQQJUQtpczi9XzFyUUb7F_Zwkhys6lbSD4GnFnpggmEXS5t6xiAHIBpzKQp3sTTPQxhmh_iClsMd9x0fuse3fGgItHagTHgRx9fVT1lgpxTH-ItiS2RW9/s874/PVY%207_16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="874" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYU4kXU5SXNa-TUtEhkLsuhIn21mVN-BCnQBLazf3emMVO-JrT1S38cE3_8AR5Vgtdmt_kQQJUQtpczi9XzFyUUb7F_Zwkhys6lbSD4GnFnpggmEXS5t6xiAHIBpzKQp3sTTPQxhmh_iClsMd9x0fuse3fGgItHagTHgRx9fVT1lgpxTH-ItiS2RW9/w640-h484/PVY%207_16.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending July 15, 2022</span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij_eLQoYs2-Hgti4c4VaGPapwd67g_Fpazt_rFaMe2lotd56b0y4OIosi3mDMUeSibOEcUToaXdvwn3u7JtFbS2SCJs8of0EtR_UrECjmdVZk-5YCS7qZi0xANOiWkXn4irqIYK3l_SM8E0OqpSZyBDVRiIHJePZv13QufTRMN_mwsBciEWF2g6s7r/s1718/Catch%207_15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="477" data-original-width="1718" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij_eLQoYs2-Hgti4c4VaGPapwd67g_Fpazt_rFaMe2lotd56b0y4OIosi3mDMUeSibOEcUToaXdvwn3u7JtFbS2SCJs8of0EtR_UrECjmdVZk-5YCS7qZi0xANOiWkXn4irqIYK3l_SM8E0OqpSZyBDVRiIHJePZv13QufTRMN_mwsBciEWF2g6s7r/w640-h178/Catch%207_15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to July 15, 2022</span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OqAWy3jBpsFrT4RwyqX6hYOjwL4tkSEdNo1veShkSPKdrIN48VIr2Jozd5AAY1iuX2naLf-w2QyzYyYFNIhieoorKLTrY9K2eXsACNNbyy-v-RaSuP21fks7ccKexnDwAvWJaGwLcEM5uApeDeai2lN0c0AozhxxZg6kNvhR-iGEKTVBaUdOgEJq/s1420/Cmltv%207_15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="1420" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OqAWy3jBpsFrT4RwyqX6hYOjwL4tkSEdNo1veShkSPKdrIN48VIr2Jozd5AAY1iuX2naLf-w2QyzYyYFNIhieoorKLTrY9K2eXsACNNbyy-v-RaSuP21fks7ccKexnDwAvWJaGwLcEM5uApeDeai2lN0c0AozhxxZg6kNvhR-iGEKTVBaUdOgEJq/w640-h220/Cmltv%207_15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><br /></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-50331119570725678402022-07-08T15:42:00.001-07:002022-07-15T10:11:55.878-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 08, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Aphid vector captures increased this week with more traps reporting and numbers at active sites slightly increasing. We are still well behind last year with fewer aphids being recovered in traps than in 2021 (see the maps below for a comparison of this year and July 09 last year). This is understandable given last year's drought played havoc with the fungal diseases that control aphid populations. The spring rains and cooler temperatures this year hopefully allowed those fungi to rebuild and cause some mortality. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cereal aphids remain low as do soybean aphids. Mostly we have recovered species that are associated with several other crop hosts; cotton melon and buckthorn aphids have been recovered in different locations. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The late planting in all cropping systems has probably contributed to the low aphid counts so far. As always, as other crops start to mature, especially small grains, we can probably expect to see some more aphids finding their way into potato fields. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">July 08, 2022</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHOhdN3PyOWp2ZDM-Dhk_5OXwHhWGfG-M9hu6jIzHYIS23ufzi3adVhT3TIvaGxkQj7av3DdDKXBtdNDWxREYBqgCk9opBxTBM4vvy8yemsqiswTYmADQES4XG0dFHoEk8CinIUHiRxKDn0lvq11lQaXatsPEb5NkLjXcvwpA0rVLZ3rOtk3GAg5j/s962/cmltv%20map%207_08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="696" data-original-width="962" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHOhdN3PyOWp2ZDM-Dhk_5OXwHhWGfG-M9hu6jIzHYIS23ufzi3adVhT3TIvaGxkQj7av3DdDKXBtdNDWxREYBqgCk9opBxTBM4vvy8yemsqiswTYmADQES4XG0dFHoEk8CinIUHiRxKDn0lvq11lQaXatsPEb5NkLjXcvwpA0rVLZ3rOtk3GAg5j/w640-h464/cmltv%20map%207_08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to July 09, 2021 (please note different scale) </b></div><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO7j1V6ISudRI6TbL7iD_7Lrnfvg_h9rSmvzv0Cu_jUXnsunlO01mjmZOjmzB1_NYWoKQez_uhKhk444nJaOHfBjxgyQy-ZGjjug8JOgmyhXthW4U_i6m5qPFwn6FUsVrjRQX7p-BoSJpdAw2vmg8AwEaqUs6Ya1-2g3pPpcD5_k5GxTGcIg0myeVB/s862/PVY%207_09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="862" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO7j1V6ISudRI6TbL7iD_7Lrnfvg_h9rSmvzv0Cu_jUXnsunlO01mjmZOjmzB1_NYWoKQez_uhKhk444nJaOHfBjxgyQy-ZGjjug8JOgmyhXthW4U_i6m5qPFwn6FUsVrjRQX7p-BoSJpdAw2vmg8AwEaqUs6Ya1-2g3pPpcD5_k5GxTGcIg0myeVB/w640-h448/PVY%207_09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><br /></div></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending July 08, 2022</span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4CzzVKt5RBJ4l8McrPksATs-0xLVplvD18_NE_lTb1YSuEmMw7NgPIbZaFrI9EdUX_klsO3cbLdj-Jsq3r48kC_pqT7doh8c0jRMyeyR7zIrBzFnpXfTb4lBuqSIcF9VIa-yl09OgI95v0cSV1SsOZzxNk9PyQ5rJfgIfoLh2KAsiHyWTQNywzvNG/s1791/Catch%207_08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="1791" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4CzzVKt5RBJ4l8McrPksATs-0xLVplvD18_NE_lTb1YSuEmMw7NgPIbZaFrI9EdUX_klsO3cbLdj-Jsq3r48kC_pqT7doh8c0jRMyeyR7zIrBzFnpXfTb4lBuqSIcF9VIa-yl09OgI95v0cSV1SsOZzxNk9PyQ5rJfgIfoLh2KAsiHyWTQNywzvNG/w640-h164/Catch%207_08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to July 08, 2022</span></h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4GgRczDGmYNa0MaWwQ7apLwAkDPWUmwekcOgQ9Bg5AyXdyk8NW13UK4-Qb7AJucHHN4_RF3YaWLNVDbV_cbHaATxQGQrYbgxrnRaqQDgGeHujqJK43xy2K6gbhOK_xGQRcx3PEy4juVrAACd5VnQ-spbayHeqgG_fYlZjm0Atu9_J6Xl7W_B7exHY/s1609/Cmltv%207_08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="1609" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4GgRczDGmYNa0MaWwQ7apLwAkDPWUmwekcOgQ9Bg5AyXdyk8NW13UK4-Qb7AJucHHN4_RF3YaWLNVDbV_cbHaATxQGQrYbgxrnRaqQDgGeHujqJK43xy2K6gbhOK_xGQRcx3PEy4juVrAACd5VnQ-spbayHeqgG_fYlZjm0Atu9_J6Xl7W_B7exHY/w640-h194/Cmltv%207_08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-61878334074244237242022-07-05T14:19:00.000-07:002022-07-05T14:19:02.334-07:00<p><br /></p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to July 01, 2022</span>.</h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The year has started out slowly in some spots, with delayed plantings in many northern locations. The traps have been running in a few locations for a couple of weeks but very little is being collected so far. Seems the aphids may be getting a slow start as well. A grand total of 7 vector aphids have been collected over the past 2 weeks and the vector risk is correspondingly low in those locations that are trapping. As more traps come online, we'll see if the pattern is widespread. So far it's been a thin mix of Cotton/Melon aphids, some thistle aphids and a Buckthorn aphid or two. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Weather is changeable, and warmer temperatures may favor the development of aphid populations, so the situation may well change...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">June 27, 2022</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxskpNAP4I-F9Jg6dhx-7CQKRWKaKk_-rxcKTQW6uFulSTf6_sYbS3-qh_05Gq1FgIawsMJUhzVsFXH-xGB3xt9UUCa2NHSZwVoJEKluBijxYPKmYw4QYBym0mDa-dQojgPoNA455w3h7WjPMgKOHDS7NS-BxRbp5f2BcIHOssGShuf59n0godtrq/s945/cmltv%20map%206_24.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="945" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGxskpNAP4I-F9Jg6dhx-7CQKRWKaKk_-rxcKTQW6uFulSTf6_sYbS3-qh_05Gq1FgIawsMJUhzVsFXH-xGB3xt9UUCa2NHSZwVoJEKluBijxYPKmYw4QYBym0mDa-dQojgPoNA455w3h7WjPMgKOHDS7NS-BxRbp5f2BcIHOssGShuf59n0godtrq/w640-h458/cmltv%20map%206_24.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to July 02, 2021 (please note different scale) </span></h3><div><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeut55qxeauuave2DQ50ORYohFx1UzBgP1HdksriXxZ20WDAiLyEBqFVotLZs7Er15yyqhnHR5sDiue4BDuwJQPUNDoEtGRjodAqmUFaGofh21tlt3q5UYlR1quSLFLQLAQ3l8c4fGkZ-Un-eWKnmzGxMjjAiOw4nMB8AjBtHU8HrnM9fIQTbohlwX/s729/PVY%207_02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="729" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeut55qxeauuave2DQ50ORYohFx1UzBgP1HdksriXxZ20WDAiLyEBqFVotLZs7Er15yyqhnHR5sDiue4BDuwJQPUNDoEtGRjodAqmUFaGofh21tlt3q5UYlR1quSLFLQLAQ3l8c4fGkZ-Un-eWKnmzGxMjjAiOw4nMB8AjBtHU8HrnM9fIQTbohlwX/w640-h530/PVY%207_02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div></div></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending June 27, 2022</span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdYzBAVmGRwKuyWPEwcuyrriHnler04miyHjFtquTCt0bY-xC4ENmBxpCmkWJvfv71ixMkE7spGmA2tpCLXrD8e85XJynf2ieDzrGhEL4HSz2fd6bgN0uCDPEp9AKycQVDFdm281lESYsyTpCpbOCQQOVKwtayp60DIhrMCLWXfDUM7DYBvcQK3O03/s1787/Catch%206_24.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="1787" height="100" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdYzBAVmGRwKuyWPEwcuyrriHnler04miyHjFtquTCt0bY-xC4ENmBxpCmkWJvfv71ixMkE7spGmA2tpCLXrD8e85XJynf2ieDzrGhEL4HSz2fd6bgN0uCDPEp9AKycQVDFdm281lESYsyTpCpbOCQQOVKwtayp60DIhrMCLWXfDUM7DYBvcQK3O03/w640-h100/Catch%206_24.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to June 27, 2022</span></h3></div></span></div></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWYzmqHQeO9vzK_-EMwZAzLjz1FiSeAtYxi8Gz9-zVvb_zKiVSzH7uGfODCrHZkycmb8lTNTfnCjwJYg0MxVnWQcRFie-fGP18p0KlrLQw3MZsdL88NlyrwfDdyd-odSQJK_9UsyNKK82vePcZ1bxVurZtH-8JEqRkz_XMpQkgGW0FGlsoMKrXYkPg/s1596/cmltv%206_24.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="1596" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWYzmqHQeO9vzK_-EMwZAzLjz1FiSeAtYxi8Gz9-zVvb_zKiVSzH7uGfODCrHZkycmb8lTNTfnCjwJYg0MxVnWQcRFie-fGP18p0KlrLQw3MZsdL88NlyrwfDdyd-odSQJK_9UsyNKK82vePcZ1bxVurZtH-8JEqRkz_XMpQkgGW0FGlsoMKrXYkPg/w640-h90/cmltv%206_24.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-81557072261988619652021-09-10T16:26:00.006-07:002021-09-10T16:26:52.090-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to August 27, 2021.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">As evening temperatures decrease and plant hosts start to senesce throughout the region, aphid numbers are dropping rapidly. Overall catch across the trapping network is down 75% from last week and the average catch per trap is lower still. There were very few aphids captured over all and the rise in the PVY Vector Risk Index is only 20% of what it was just last week.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">Next week will likely be the last week of trapping, many trap sites have already stopped for the season as vine kill and/or harvest has already occurred. Overall, the PVY risk looks considerably lower than this time in 2020; 2021 saw earlier flights but overall numbers of vectors were still lower.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 10, 2021</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t3Irr9pvr9Q/YTvnbYhJLEI/AAAAAAAALXY/JGf2lLacm1YGrQ0BZYZBHlLFs3jHQzPcgCLcBGAsYHQ/s967/PVY%2B9_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="967" height="424" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t3Irr9pvr9Q/YTvnbYhJLEI/AAAAAAAALXY/JGf2lLacm1YGrQ0BZYZBHlLFs3jHQzPcgCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h424/PVY%2B9_10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 09, 2020 (please note different scale) </span></h3><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-OVHXewgDFos/YTvmNjpt8qI/AAAAAAAALXQ/sOav5I8VTTUVF2j5adxm6DxbcN-AGsghQCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="1084" height="328" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-OVHXewgDFos/YTvmNjpt8qI/AAAAAAAALXQ/sOav5I8VTTUVF2j5adxm6DxbcN-AGsghQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h328/image.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /></div></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Sept 10, 2021</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C-dZTJPxLXc/YTvKjq3pB_I/AAAAAAAALXA/pW2djioDPrAe12K--Alh5Z274p9i-EdMACLcBGAsYHQ/s1733/Catch%2B9_10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="1733" height="170" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C-dZTJPxLXc/YTvKjq3pB_I/AAAAAAAALXA/pW2djioDPrAe12K--Alh5Z274p9i-EdMACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h170/Catch%2B9_10.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 10, 2021 </h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x6gD-dZw1VU/YTvKcnA41JI/AAAAAAAALW4/pI2VYll54IgXi1eGtnOG0EM11Lbb22A2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1737/Cmltv%2B9_10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="1737" height="174" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x6gD-dZw1VU/YTvKcnA41JI/AAAAAAAALW4/pI2VYll54IgXi1eGtnOG0EM11Lbb22A2QCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h174/Cmltv%2B9_10.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5023765193979481463.post-26918476188438475742021-09-03T16:18:00.002-07:002021-09-03T16:20:42.758-07:00<p> </p><h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trap Catches to August 27, 2021.</span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">Trap capture numbers remained very similar to last week's. The numbers of both vectoring and non-vectoring aphids were almost the same. While trap captures per trap were marginally higher than last week, overall numbers are low. This meant only a small increase in the PVY Vector Risk Index. As mentioned last week, the peak aphid flight obviously occurred early this year and so the risk from PVY vectors is lower than at this time last year (our current regional PVY Vector Risk Index is only ~41% of what it was last year).</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">The species composition is little changed from last week, Cotton/Melon aphids are down, Soybean aphid numbers are up. Buckthorn and cereal aphids remain relatively the same. Overall, these numbers are promising as the season winds down.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keep scouting, we'll keep counting...</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>Scouting for aphids in potatoes</i></b><span style="font-family: arial;">:</span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Select leaves from the lower to mid canopy. Start at the edge of the field.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Lower, older leaves will have more established colonies and aphids prefer the balance of nutrients found here; aphids are rarely found on leaves in the upper canopy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- Avoid leaves on the ground or in contact with the soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In seed potatoes there is only a threshold for PLRV (10 aphids/100 leaves), reactive application of insecticides an effective control for PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- The use of feeding suppressing insecticides, such as pymetrozine (Fulfill®) or flonicamid (Beleaf®) and refined crop oils, such as Aphoil and JMS Stylet Oil, at or prior to field colonization by aphids may reduce the transmission of PVY within fields. Some other insecticides, such as clothianidin (Belay®), imidacloprid (Admire Pro® or Provado®), and spirotetramat (Movento®), have also been demonstrated to reduce the transmission of PVY.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">- In table stock potatoes, a treatment threshold of 30 aphids /100 leaves should deter yield loss due to aphid feeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><i><u><span face="arial, sans-serif">The PVY Risk Index Index</span></u></i></b><span face="arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Not all species of aphid are equally efficient at transmitting PVY, some are better than others (green peach being the most efficient vector of PVY). So, the total number of aphids in a trap don't necessarily reflect just how much vector pressure there is at that location. The PVY Vector Risk Index compares aphid numbers, incorporating their relative vector efficiency compared to the Queen of PVY vectors (green peach aphid!). Using averaged reference comparisons from the literature, we multiply the number of each aphid species captured by its efficiency compared to Green Peach Aphid to more accurately depict risk posed by the species being trapped. We then sum the totals. The PVY-VRI values are presented on the tables below but also on maps comparing current cumulative risk to the total risk from the sample sites of last year (to compare with your local winter grow out results).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif">Click on any image below for full-scale version.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0in; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 03, 2021</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OQOZXcOZRi0/YTKmDXAcbPI/AAAAAAAALVI/SerEb_TjWDgbreGQ4jO5Z7qwT4QpoFV6gCLcBGAsYHQ/s959/PVY%2B9_03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="959" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OQOZXcOZRi0/YTKmDXAcbPI/AAAAAAAALVI/SerEb_TjWDgbreGQ4jO5Z7qwT4QpoFV6gCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h428/PVY%2B9_03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cumulative PVY Vector Risk Index to Aug 28, 2020 (please note different scale) </span></h3><div style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-aTlKrkMROPQ/YTKkrlE8kDI/AAAAAAAALU0/W6isoF_xbF8euewvfE25iQ18HzgtONU6QCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="1048" height="310" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-aTlKrkMROPQ/YTKkrlE8kDI/AAAAAAAALU0/W6isoF_xbF8euewvfE25iQ18HzgtONU6QCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h310/image.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div></span></div><h3 style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index for the week ending Sept 03, 2021</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9vTMqRy1XOM/YTKkaNHvg3I/AAAAAAAALUk/RYDqT9PDFrYkEQgJQ2nFhzCKJL5QC4iOACLcBGAsYHQ/s1737/Catch%2B9_3.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="1737" height="170" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9vTMqRy1XOM/YTKkaNHvg3I/AAAAAAAALUk/RYDqT9PDFrYkEQgJQ2nFhzCKJL5QC4iOACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h170/Catch%2B9_3.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">Cumulative Aphid Species Capture and PVY Vector Risk Index to Sept 03, 2021 </h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w9W1xaXlp0g/YTKkhn9Vw3I/AAAAAAAALUs/vM6QAQeEbgMguY8_4DmHW-uOtGDY5K1AwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1743/Cmltv%2B9_3.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="1743" height="172" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w9W1xaXlp0g/YTKkhn9Vw3I/AAAAAAAALUs/vM6QAQeEbgMguY8_4DmHW-uOtGDY5K1AwCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h172/Cmltv%2B9_3.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></span></div></div>Dr. Ian MacRaehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07150981721988553022noreply@blogger.com0